"Chromatin" - MeSH

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Select item 680028431.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

Year introduced: 1972

Select item 680127282.

Sex Chromatin

In the interphase nucleus, a condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. Each X CHROMOSOME, in excess of one, forms sex chromatin (Barr body) in the mammalian nucleus. (from King and Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Select item 680565043.

Chromatin Assembly Factor-1

A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. It is comprised of three different subunits of 48, 60, and 150 kDa molecular size. The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling.

Year introduced: 2010(1995)

Select item 680473694.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Year introduced: 2005

Select item 680420025.

Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly

The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA.

Year introduced: 2004

Select item 20310816.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing

A technique for identifying the BINDING SITES on nucleic acid sequences that are associated with binding proteins.

Year introduced: 2020

Select item 680565057.

Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4

A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2.

Year introduced: 2010

Select item 20165458.

SMARCB1 Protein

A component of the SWI-SNF CHROMATIN REMODELING complex that functions as a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulator and to stabilize CHROMATIN at PROMOTER REGIONS. It is important for regulating CELL PROLIFERATION and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Mutations in the SMARCB1 gene are associated with malignant RHABDOID TUMORS.

Year introduced: 2017

Select item 680123429.

RNA, Small Nuclear

Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.

Year introduced: 1986

Select item 6753358910.

RLF2 protein, S cerevisiae [Supplementary Concept]

Date introduced: August 13, 2009

Select item 6711025111.

Caf1-55 protein, Drosophila [Supplementary Concept]

RefSeq NM_079630

Date introduced: February 13, 1998

Select item 6806208512.

RNA, Long Noncoding

A class of untranslated RNA molecules that are typically greater than 200 nucleotides in length and do not code for proteins. Members of this class have been found to play roles in transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional processing, CHROMATIN REMODELING, and in the epigenetic control of chromatin.

Year introduced: 2014 (2013)

Select item 6805648913.

Nucleoplasmins

A family of histone molecular chaperones that play roles in sperm CHROMATIN decondensation and CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY in fertilized eggs. They were originally discovered in XENOPUS egg extracts as histone-binding factors that mediate nucleosome formation in vitro.

Year introduced: 2010

Select item 6804242114.

Histone Code

The specific patterns of changes made to HISTONES, that are involved in assembly, maintenance, and alteration of chromatin structural states (such as EUCHROMATIN and HETEROCHROMATIN). The changes are made by various histone modification processes that include ACETYLATION; METHYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; and UBIQUITINATION.

Year introduced: 2004

Select item 6800970715.

Nucleosomes

The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. This core is composed of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

Year introduced: 1980

Select item 6800660916.

High Mobility Group Proteins

A family of low-molecular weight, non-histone proteins found in chromatin.

Year introduced: 1985

Select item 6753359417.

Chaf1b protein, mouse [Supplementary Concept]

RefSeq NM_028083

Date introduced: August 13, 2009

Select item 6753359218.

Chaf1a protein, mouse [Supplementary Concept]

RefSeq NM_013733