MeSH

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.6.

Year introduced: 2006(1980)

BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.

Year introduced: 1999

A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.

Year introduced: 2013

A neuronal and epithelial type glutamate plasma membrane transporter protein.

Year introduced: 2006(1984)

An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.

Year introduced: 1994

A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.

Year introduced: 1991(1978)

An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Year introduced: 2009(1975)

A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.

Year introduced: 1987

A small cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein that forms a lipid-binding beta-barrel structure and is expressed by CARDIOMYOCYTES and at lower levels in brain tissue. It is released into plasma immediately following cardiac injury and may therefore serve as a useful biomarker for the early detection of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Year introduced: 2018

A ketone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to ACYL-CoA and CO2. The enzyme requires THIAMINE DIPHOSPHATE as a cofactor. Defects in genes that code for subunits of the enzyme are a cause of MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE. The enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.2.4.3.

Year introduced: 2004

A group of unsaturated fatty acids occurring mainly in fish oils, with three double bonds at particular positions in the hydrocarbon chain.

Year introduced: 1990

An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and shikimate-3-phosphate. The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS.

Year introduced: 2006(1980)

A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.

Year introduced: 1986(1973)

A pentacyclic triterpene that co-occurs with its isomer OLEANOLIC ACID in several plant species, and occurs in large amounts in FRUITS (such as CRANBERRIES; PEARS; PLUMS; and OLIVES), MEDICINAL HERBS, and other plants.

Year introduced: 2024 (1974)

A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.

Year introduced: 1972(1968)

Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.

Year introduced: 2003(1986)

A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).

Year introduced: 1991(1975)