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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

MedGen UID:
9622
Concept ID:
C0022577
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Keratoconjunctivitides, Vernal; Keratoconjunctivitis, Vernal; Vernal Keratoconjunctivitides; Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
SNOMED CT: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (317349009)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019085
Orphanet: ORPHA70476

Definition

A rare disorder of the anterior segment of the eye, characterized by a severe recurrent allergic reaction affecting the cornea and the conjunctiva. It presents with red eyes, ocular itching, photophobia, foreign body sensation, mucous discharge, blepharospasm, and blurring of vision. The symptoms are typically bilateral but may be asymmetric. Characteristic signs include conjunctival injection, giant papillae mostly on the upper tarsal conjunctiva (cobblestone appearance), limbal gelatinous infiltrates (Horner-Trantas dots), and variable corneal signs. The condition is more prevalent in hot climates and most commonly affects young boys. [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVernal keratoconjunctivitis
Follow this link to review classifications for Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Ali A, Bielory L, Dotchin S, Hamel P, Strube YNJ, Koo EB
Surv Ophthalmol 2024 Mar-Apr;69(2):265-278. Epub 2023 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.008. PMID: 37890678
Leonardi A, Righetti G, Giovannini G, De Marchi V, Occhiuto M
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023 Oct 1;23(5):390-396. Epub 2023 Jun 6 doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000915. PMID: 37284778
Brindisi G, Cinicola B, Anania C, De Castro G, Nebbioso M, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Licari A, Caffarelli C, De Filippo M, Cardinale F, Duse M, Zicari AM
Acta Biomed 2021 Nov 29;92(S7):e2021517. doi: 10.23750/abm.v92iS7.12419. PMID: 34842588Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Micera A, Di Zazzo A, De Piano M, Sharma S, Mori T, De Gregorio C, Coassin M, Fernandes M
Exp Eye Res 2022 Dec;225:109301. Epub 2022 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109301. PMID: 36336099
Chong-Neto HJ, Rosario C, Leonardi A, Filho NAR
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2022;50(S Pt 1):30-36. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.15586/aei.v50iSP1.536. PMID: 35726488
Di Zazzo A, Bonini S, Fernandes M
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 Oct;20(5):501-506. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000672. PMID: 32675480
Roy N, Levanon S, Asbell PA
Eye Contact Lens 2020 Mar;46 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S109-S121. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000688. PMID: 32097185Free PMC Article
Cameron JA
Cornea 1993 Mar;12(2):124-30. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199303000-00006. PMID: 8500319

Diagnosis

Bruschi G, Ghiglioni DG, Cozzi L, Osnaghi S, Viola F, Marchisio P
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023 Aug;65(2):277-329. Epub 2023 Sep 2 doi: 10.1007/s12016-023-08970-4. PMID: 37658939Free PMC Article
Wajnsztajn D, Solomon A
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Oct 1;21(5):507-514. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000765. PMID: 34269743
Villegas BV, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM
Turk J Ophthalmol 2021 Feb 25;51(1):45-54. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.11456. PMID: 33631915Free PMC Article
Anitha V, Vanathi M, Raghavan A, Rajaraman R, Ravindran M, Tandon R
Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 Feb;69(2):214-225. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1263_20. PMID: 33463562Free PMC Article
La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S, Tomarchio S, Avitabile T, Reibaldi A
Ital J Pediatr 2013 Mar 14;39:18. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMID: 23497516Free PMC Article

Therapy

Bruschi G, Ghiglioni DG, Cozzi L, Osnaghi S, Viola F, Marchisio P
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023 Aug;65(2):277-329. Epub 2023 Sep 2 doi: 10.1007/s12016-023-08970-4. PMID: 37658939Free PMC Article
Ghiglioni DG, Zicari AM, Parisi GF, Marchese G, Indolfi C, Diaferio L, Brindisi G, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL, Miraglia Del Giudice M
Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Nov;31(6):2828-2842. Epub 2021 May 31 doi: 10.1177/11206721211022153. PMID: 34058899
Singhal D, Sahay P, Maharana PK, Raj N, Sharma N, Titiyal JS
Surv Ophthalmol 2019 May-Jun;64(3):289-311. Epub 2018 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.12.001. PMID: 30550738
La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S, Tomarchio S, Avitabile T, Reibaldi A
Ital J Pediatr 2013 Mar 14;39:18. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMID: 23497516Free PMC Article
Cameron JA
Cornea 1993 Mar;12(2):124-30. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199303000-00006. PMID: 8500319

Prognosis

Zemba M, Ionescu MA, Pîrvulescu RA, Dumitrescu OM, Daniel-Constantin B, Radu M, Stamate AC, Istrate S
Rom J Ophthalmol 2023 Jul-Sep;67(3):250-259. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2023.42. PMID: 37876509Free PMC Article
Bonini S, Leonardi A
Ocul Surf 2022 Oct;26:174-183. Epub 2022 Sep 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.009. PMID: 36067980
Villegas BV, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM
Turk J Ophthalmol 2021 Feb 25;51(1):45-54. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.11456. PMID: 33631915Free PMC Article
Singhal D, Sahay P, Maharana PK, Raj N, Sharma N, Titiyal JS
Surv Ophthalmol 2019 May-Jun;64(3):289-311. Epub 2018 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.12.001. PMID: 30550738
Bonini S, Coassin M, Aronni S, Lambiase A
Eye (Lond) 2004 Apr;18(4):345-51. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700675. PMID: 15069427

Clinical prediction guides

Fukuda K, Kishimoto T, Sumi T, Yamashiro K, Ebihara N
Allergol Int 2023 Apr;72(2):234-244. Epub 2022 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.09.005. PMID: 36333219
Bonini S, Leonardi A
Ocul Surf 2022 Oct;26:174-183. Epub 2022 Sep 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.009. PMID: 36067980
Nebbioso M, Zicari AM, Celani C, Lollobrigida V, Grenga R, Duse M
Semin Ophthalmol 2015;30(5-6):340-4. Epub 2014 Feb 27 doi: 10.3109/08820538.2013.874483. PMID: 24571721
Zicari AM, Nebbioso M, Lollobrigida V, Bardanzellu F, Celani C, Occasi F, Cesoni Marcelli A, Duse M
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013 May;17(10):1419-23. PMID: 23740459
Trocme SD, Sra KK
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 Oct;2(5):423-7. doi: 10.1097/00130832-200210000-00010. PMID: 12582327

Recent systematic reviews

Bruschi G, Ghiglioni DG, Cozzi L, Osnaghi S, Viola F, Marchisio P
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023 Aug;65(2):277-329. Epub 2023 Sep 2 doi: 10.1007/s12016-023-08970-4. PMID: 37658939Free PMC Article
Rasmussen MLR, D'Souza M, Topal DG, Gradman J, Larsen DA, Lehrmann BB, Kjaer HF, Kessel L, Subhi Y
Acta Ophthalmol 2023 Feb;101(1):9-21. Epub 2022 Jul 18 doi: 10.1111/aos.15212. PMID: 35848379Free PMC Article
Hutchison DM, Duffens A, Yale K, Park A, Cardenas K, Mesinkovska NA
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022 Apr;36(4):536-546. Epub 2021 Dec 31 doi: 10.1111/jdv.17877. PMID: 34919300
Roumeau I, Coutu A, Navel V, Pereira B, Baker JS, Chiambaretta F, Bremond-Gignac D, Dutheil F
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Sep;148(3):822-834. Epub 2021 Apr 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.026. PMID: 33819510
Mantelli F, Santos MS, Petitti T, Sgrulletta R, Cortes M, Lambiase A, Bonini S
Br J Ophthalmol 2007 Dec;91(12):1656-61. Epub 2007 Jun 22 doi: 10.1136/bjo.2007.122044. PMID: 17588996Free PMC Article

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