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Chronic hepatitis

MedGen UID:
9223
Concept ID:
C0019189
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Chronic Hepatitis; Hepatitis, Chronic
SNOMED CT: Chronic hepatitis (76783007); CH - Chronic hepatitis (76783007)
 
HPO: HP:0200123

Definition

Hepatitis that lasts for more than six months. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2
MedGen UID:
39126
Concept ID:
C0085860
Disease or Syndrome
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS2), or Schmidt syndrome, is characterized by the presence of autoimmune Addison disease in association with either autoimmune thyroid disease or type I diabetes mellitus, or both. Chronic candidiasis is not present. APS2 may occur at any age and in both sexes, but is most common in middle-aged females and is very rare in childhood (summary by Betterle et al., 2004). See 240300 for a phenotypic description of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS1).
Hyper-IgM syndrome type 1
MedGen UID:
96019
Concept ID:
C0398689
Disease or Syndrome
X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM1), a disorder of abnormal T- and B-cell function, is characterized by low serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgE with normal or elevated serum concentrations of IgM. Mitogen proliferation may be normal, but NK- and T-cell cytotoxicity can be impaired. Antigen-specific responses are usually decreased or absent. Total numbers of B cells are normal but there is a marked reduction of class-switched memory B cells. Defective oxidative burst of both neutrophils and macrophages has been reported. The range of clinical findings varies, even within the same family. More than 50% of males with HIGM1 develop symptoms by age one year, and more than 90% are symptomatic by age four years. HIGM1 usually presents in infancy with recurrent upper- and lower-respiratory tract bacterial infections, opportunistic infections including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and recurrent or protracted diarrhea that can be infectious or noninfectious and is associated with failure to thrive. Neutropenia is common; thrombocytopenia and anemia are less commonly seen. Autoimmune and/or inflammatory disorders (such as sclerosing cholangitis) as well as increased risk for neoplasms have been reported as medical complications of this disorder. Significant neurologic complications, often the result of a CNS infection, are seen in 5%-15% of affected males. Liver disease, a serious complication of HIGM1 once observed in more than 80% of affected males by age 20 years, may be decreasing with adequate screening and treatment of Cryptosporidium infection.
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
MedGen UID:
414536
Concept ID:
C2752015
Disease or Syndrome
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type It (CDG1T) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations and severity. The most common features include cleft lip and bifid uvula, apparent at birth, followed by hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, and exercise intolerance, often accompanied by increased serum creatine kinase. Less common features include rhabdomyolysis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (summary by Tegtmeyer et al., 2014). For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065).
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome 2
MedGen UID:
482919
Concept ID:
C3281289
Disease or Syndrome
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES), generally considered to be a neonatal enteropathy, is characterized by intractable diarrhea (seen in almost all affected children), woolly hair (seen in all), intrauterine growth restriction, facial dysmorphism, and short stature. Additional findings include poorly characterized immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, skin abnormalities, and liver disease. Mild intellectual disability (ID) is seen in about 50% of affected individuals. Less common findings include congenital heart defects and platelet anomalies. To date 52 affected individuals have been reported.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Wilkins T, Sams R, Carpenter M
Am Fam Physician 2019 Mar 1;99(5):314-323. PMID: 30811163
Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Brown RS Jr, Bzowej NH, Wong JB
Hepatology 2018 Apr;67(4):1560-1599. doi: 10.1002/hep.29800. PMID: 29405329Free PMC Article
European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu; European Association for the Study of the Liver
J Hepatol 2017 Aug;67(2):370-398. Epub 2017 Apr 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.021. PMID: 28427875

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Metin O, Zeybel M, Yurdaydin C
Liver Int 2023 Aug;43 Suppl 1:60-68. Epub 2022 Oct 13 doi: 10.1111/liv.15447. PMID: 36196680
Airewele NE, Shiffman ML
Clin Liver Dis 2021 Nov;25(4):817-829. Epub 2021 Aug 25 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.06.008. PMID: 34593155
Ye J, Chen J
Front Immunol 2021;12:733364. Epub 2021 Sep 7 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733364. PMID: 34557195Free PMC Article
Mysore KR, Leung DH
Clin Liver Dis 2018 Nov;22(4):703-722. Epub 2018 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2018.06.002. PMID: 30266158
Murray KF, Shah U, Mohan N, Heller S, González-Peralta RP, Kelly D, Chang MH, Mieli-Vergani G, Jara P, Fujisawa T; Chronic Hepatitis Working Group
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008 Aug;47(2):225-33. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318181b08b. PMID: 18664880

Diagnosis

Cardoso AC, Figueiredo-Mendes C, Villela-Nogueira CA, Marcellin P
Viruses 2022 Mar 23;14(4) doi: 10.3390/v14040660. PMID: 35458391Free PMC Article
Mysore KR, Leung DH
Clin Liver Dis 2018 Nov;22(4):703-722. Epub 2018 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2018.06.002. PMID: 30266158
Cobb BR, Valsamakis A
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Aug;4(4) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0025-2015. PMID: 27726758
Murray KF, Shah U, Mohan N, Heller S, González-Peralta RP, Kelly D, Chang MH, Mieli-Vergani G, Jara P, Fujisawa T; Chronic Hepatitis Working Group
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008 Aug;47(2):225-33. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318181b08b. PMID: 18664880
Suriawinata AA, Thung SN
Semin Diagn Pathol 2006 Aug-Nov;23(3-4):132-48. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2006.11.001. PMID: 17355087

Therapy

Mak LY, Hui RW, Fung J, Seto WK, Yuen MF
Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023 Jul-Dec;32(11):971-983. Epub 2023 Nov 24 doi: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2277389. PMID: 37902953
Ghany MG, Buti M, Lampertico P, Lee HM; 2022 AASLD-EASL HBV-HDV Treatment Endpoints Conference Faculty
J Hepatol 2023 Nov;79(5):1254-1269. Epub 2023 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.002. PMID: 37377088
Gane E, Lim YS, Kim JB, Jadhav V, Shen L, Bakardjiev AI, Huang SA, Cathcart AL, Lempp FA, Janas MM, Cloutier DJ, Kaittanis C, Sepp-Lorenzino L, Hinkle G, Taubel J, Haslett P, Milstein S, Anglero-Rodriguez YI, Hebner CM, Pang PS, Yuen MF
J Hepatol 2023 Oct;79(4):924-932. Epub 2023 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.023. PMID: 37290591
Kang C, Syed YY
Drugs 2020 Oct;80(15):1601-1605. doi: 10.1007/s40265-020-01400-1. PMID: 32926353
Buti M, Esteban R
Drugs Today (Barc) 2003 Feb;39(2):127-35. doi: 10.1358/dot.2003.39.2.799419. PMID: 12698207

Prognosis

Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM
Hepatology 2020 Nov;72(5):1605-1616. Epub 2020 Oct 27 doi: 10.1002/hep.31173. PMID: 32043613
Tanaka H
Int J Cancer 2014 Feb 15;134(4):747-54. Epub 2013 Oct 22 doi: 10.1002/ijc.28519. PMID: 24105756
Venook AP
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2000 Dec;1(5):407-15. doi: 10.1007/s11864-000-0068-z. PMID: 12057148
Summerfield JA
J R Coll Physicians Lond 2000 Jul-Aug;34(4):381-5. PMID: 11005078Free PMC Article
Ludwig J
Semin Liver Dis 1991 Feb;11(1):11-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040417. PMID: 2047885

Clinical prediction guides

Pons M, Augustin S, Scheiner B, Guillaume M, Rosselli M, Rodrigues SG, Stefanescu H, Ma MM, Mandorfer M, Mergeay-Fabre M, Procopet B, Schwabl P, Ferlitsch A, Semmler G, Berzigotti A, Tsochatzis E, Bureau C, Reiberger T, Bosch J, Abraldes JG, Genescà J
Am J Gastroenterol 2021 Apr;116(4):723-732. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000994. PMID: 33982942
Fan R, Papatheodoridis G, Sun J, Innes H, Toyoda H, Xie Q, Mo S, Sypsa V, Guha IN, Kumada T, Niu J, Dalekos G, Yasuda S, Barnes E, Lian J, Suri V, Idilman R, Barclay ST, Dou X, Berg T, Hayes PC, Flaherty JF, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Buti M, Hutchinson SJ, Guo Y, Calleja JL, Lin L, Zhao L, Chen Y, Janssen HLA, Zhu C, Shi L, Tang X, Gaggar A, Wei L, Jia J, Irving WL, Johnson PJ, Lampertico P, Hou J
J Hepatol 2020 Dec;73(6):1368-1378. Epub 2020 Jul 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.025. PMID: 32707225
Iezzoni JC
Semin Diagn Pathol 2018 Nov;35(6):381-389. Epub 2018 Oct 16 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.10.003. PMID: 30409459
Lee HW, Ahn SH
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Oct 7;22(37):8314-8321. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8314. PMID: 27729738Free PMC Article
Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, Lok AS
Hepatology 2003 Aug;38(2):518-26. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50346. PMID: 12883497

Recent systematic reviews

Liu Z, Lin C, Mao X, Guo C, Suo C, Zhu D, Jiang W, Li Y, Fan J, Song C, Zhang T, Jin L, De Martel C, Clifford GM, Chen X
Gut 2023 Nov 24;72(12):2354-2363. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330691. PMID: 37798085Free PMC Article
Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Mishra A, Younossi ZM
Hepatology 2020 Nov;72(5):1605-1616. Epub 2020 Oct 27 doi: 10.1002/hep.31173. PMID: 32043613
Lok AS, McMahon BJ, Brown RS Jr, Wong JB, Ahmed AT, Farah W, Almasri J, Alahdab F, Benkhadra K, Mouchli MA, Singh S, Mohamed EA, Abu Dabrh AM, Prokop LJ, Wang Z, Murad MH, Mohammed K
Hepatology 2016 Jan;63(1):284-306. Epub 2015 Nov 13 doi: 10.1002/hep.28280. PMID: 26566246
Kim V, Abreu RM, Nakagawa DM, Baldassare RM, Carrilho FJ, Ono SK
J Viral Hepat 2016 Mar;23(3):154-69. Epub 2015 May 13 doi: 10.1111/jvh.12418. PMID: 25967226
Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ
Lancet 2015 Oct 17;386(10003):1546-55. Epub 2015 Jul 28 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61412-X. PMID: 26231459

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