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Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis

MedGen UID:
465413
•Concept ID:
C3178945
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Central Nervous System Phaeohyphomycosis; Phaeohyphomycosis, Central Nervous System

Definition

CNS infections caused by neurotropic dematiaceous fungi that contain melanin in their cell walls. The infections often result in BRAIN ABSCESS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MENINGITIS in patients who are often immunocompetent. The common causative fungi include members Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, Rhinocladiella mackenziei, and Ochroconis gallopavum. R. mackenziei infection is seen almost exclusively in patients from the MIDDLE EAST. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCerebral Phaeohyphomycosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Antifungal efficacy of isavuconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in a rabbit model of Exserohilum rostratum meningoencephalitis: A preclinical paradigm for management of CNS phaeohyphomycosis.
Petraitis V, Petraitiene R, Katragkou A, Maung BBW, Moradi PW, Sussman-Straus GE, Naing E, Kovanda LL, Finkelman MA, Walsh TJ
Med Mycol 2021 Feb 4;59(2):189-196. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myaa102. PMID: 33313821Free PMC Article
ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi.
Chowdhary A, Meis JF, Guarro J, de Hoog GS, Kathuria S, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Akova M, Boekhout T, Caira M, Guinea J, Chakrabarti A, Dannaoui E, van Diepeningen A, Freiberger T, Groll AH, Hope WW, Johnson E, Lackner M, Lagrou K, Lanternier F, Lass-Flörl C, Lortholary O, Meletiadis J, Muñoz P, Pagano L, Petrikkos G, Richardson MD, Roilides E, Skiada A, Tortorano AM, Ullmann AJ, Verweij PE, Cornely OA, Cuenca-Estrella M; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Fungal Infection Study Group; European Confederation of Medical Mycology
Clin Microbiol Infect 2014 Apr;20 Suppl 3:47-75. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12515. PMID: 24483780

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis at a tertiary healthcare center in Saudi Arabia.
Alabdely MH, Alolayan AS, Almaghrabi RS, Al-Abdely HM
Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2023 Apr;28(2):136-142. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2023.2.20220118. PMID: 37045456Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: The 'Dark Side' of fungal infections.
Latawa A, Panda I, Kaur H, Aggarwal A, Radotra BD, Gupta K, Salunke P
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Mar;214:107173. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107173. PMID: 35176635
Black yeasts in the omics era: Achievements and challenges.
Moreno LF, Vicente VA, de Hoog S
Med Mycol 2018 Apr 1;56(suppl_1):32-41. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myx129. PMID: 29538737
Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi.
Brandt ME, Warnock DW
J Chemother 2003 Nov;15 Suppl 2:36-47. doi: 10.1179/joc.2003.15.Supplement-2.36. PMID: 14708965
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to a novel species: report of a case and review of the literature.
Osiyemi OO, Dowdy LM, Mallon SM, Cleary T
Transplantation 2001 May 15;71(9):1343-6. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200105150-00029. PMID: 11397975

Diagnosis

Rhinocladiella mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis with a definitive outcome.
Aldraihem M, Aldosary O, Almasaud WK, Alqurashi RN, Abu-Amara AB
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 23;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250787. PMID: 37221005Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: The 'Dark Side' of fungal infections.
Latawa A, Panda I, Kaur H, Aggarwal A, Radotra BD, Gupta K, Salunke P
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Mar;214:107173. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107173. PMID: 35176635
Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess with lymphadenitis.
Suri V, Pandey S, Goyal N, Rani H
BMJ Case Rep 2021 Oct 27;14(10) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246108. PMID: 34706919Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei in Persian Gulf region: A case and review.
Mohammadi R, Mohammadi A, Ashtari F, Khorvash F, Hakamifard A, Vaezi A, Javidnia J, Meis JF, Badali H
Mycoses 2018 Apr;61(4):261-265. Epub 2018 Jan 3 doi: 10.1111/myc.12734. PMID: 29205524
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.
Masini T, Riviera L, Cappricci E, Arienta C
Clin Neuropathol 1985 Nov-Dec;4(6):246-9. PMID: 4075637

Therapy

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis at a tertiary healthcare center in Saudi Arabia.
Alabdely MH, Alolayan AS, Almaghrabi RS, Al-Abdely HM
Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2023 Apr;28(2):136-142. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2023.2.20220118. PMID: 37045456Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: The 'Dark Side' of fungal infections.
Latawa A, Panda I, Kaur H, Aggarwal A, Radotra BD, Gupta K, Salunke P
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Mar;214:107173. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107173. PMID: 35176635
Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess with lymphadenitis.
Suri V, Pandey S, Goyal N, Rani H
BMJ Case Rep 2021 Oct 27;14(10) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246108. PMID: 34706919Free PMC Article
An updated comprehensive systematic review of Cladophialophora bantiana and analysis of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of cerebral cases.
Kantarcioglu AS, Guarro J, De Hoog S, Apaydin H, Kiraz N
Med Mycol 2017 Aug 1;55(6):579-604. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myw124. PMID: 28007938
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.
Palaoglu S, Sav A, Basak T, Yalcinlar Y, Scheithauer BW
Neurosurgery 1993 Nov;33(5):894-7. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199311000-00018. PMID: 8264889

Prognosis

Rhinocladiella mackenziei cerebral phaeohyphomycosis with a definitive outcome.
Aldraihem M, Aldosary O, Almasaud WK, Alqurashi RN, Abu-Amara AB
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 23;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250787. PMID: 37221005Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis at a tertiary healthcare center in Saudi Arabia.
Alabdely MH, Alolayan AS, Almaghrabi RS, Al-Abdely HM
Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2023 Apr;28(2):136-142. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2023.2.20220118. PMID: 37045456Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: The 'Dark Side' of fungal infections.
Latawa A, Panda I, Kaur H, Aggarwal A, Radotra BD, Gupta K, Salunke P
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Mar;214:107173. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107173. PMID: 35176635
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: case report.
Ochiai H, Kawano H, Minato S, Yoneyama T, Shimao Y
Neuropathology 2012 Apr;32(2):202-6. Epub 2011 Aug 1 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01244.x. PMID: 21801237
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.
Palaoglu S, Sav A, Basak T, Yalcinlar Y, Scheithauer BW
Neurosurgery 1993 Nov;33(5):894-7. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199311000-00018. PMID: 8264889

Clinical prediction guides

In vitro evaluation of antifungal combinations against neurotropic dematiaceous fungi associated with primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.
Samaddar A, Mendonsa JM, Sudhaharan S, S N, Kindo AJ, Shetty A, Pamidimukkala U
Microbiol Spectr 2024 Aug 6;12(8):e0078124. Epub 2024 Jun 26 doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00781-24. PMID: 38920376Free PMC Article
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophialophora bantiana: case report and systematic review of cases.
Ganesan V, Hallur V, Velvizhi S, Rajendran T
Infection 2024 Apr;52(2):313-321. Epub 2023 Nov 18 doi: 10.1007/s15010-023-02126-4. PMID: 37979132
From phaeohyphomycosis to disseminated chromoblastomycosis: A retrospective study of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi.
Thomas E, Bertolotti A, Barreau A, Klisnick J, Tournebize P, Borgherini G, Zemali N, Jaubert J, Jouvion G, Bretagne S, Picot S
Med Mal Infect 2018 Jun;48(4):278-285. Epub 2018 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.09.011. PMID: 29656841
Combination of Amphotericin B and Flucytosine against Neurotropic Species of Melanized Fungi Causing Primary Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis.
Deng S, Pan W, Liao W, de Hoog GS, Gerrits van den Ende AH, Vitale RG, Rafati H, Ilkit M, Van der Lee AH, Rijs AJ, Verweij PE, Seyedmousavi S
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016 Apr;60(4):2346-51. Epub 2016 Mar 25 doi: 10.1128/AAC.02526-15. PMID: 26833164Free PMC Article
U.S. case report of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Ramichloridium obovoideum (R. mackenziei): criteria for identification, therapy, and review of other known dematiaceous neurotropic taxa.
Sutton DA, Slifkin M, Yakulis R, Rinaldi MG
J Clin Microbiol 1998 Mar;36(3):708-15. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.3.708-715.1998. PMID: 9508300Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophialophora bantiana: case report and systematic review of cases.
Ganesan V, Hallur V, Velvizhi S, Rajendran T
Infection 2024 Apr;52(2):313-321. Epub 2023 Nov 18 doi: 10.1007/s15010-023-02126-4. PMID: 37979132
An updated comprehensive systematic review of Cladophialophora bantiana and analysis of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of cerebral cases.
Kantarcioglu AS, Guarro J, De Hoog S, Apaydin H, Kiraz N
Med Mycol 2017 Aug 1;55(6):579-604. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myw124. PMID: 28007938

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