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Sleep Efficiency

MedGen UID:
1669302
•Concept ID:
C0518595
•
Finding

Definition

A relative measurement (percentage) of the time spent asleep (N1 sleep + N2 sleep + N3 sleep + REM sleep) to the total time spent in bed. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Effects of Subjective and Objective Sleep Measures on Diurnal Variation in Pain Intensity Among Patients With Chronic Pain: Implications for Time-of-Day-Dependent Pain Management.
Tanaka Y, Fujii R, Hayashi T, Tateishi T, Ogata R, Ota K, Hashimoto K, Sakaguchi Y, Otsuka T, Shimizu D
Pain Pract 2026 Nov;26(8):e70207. doi: 10.1111/papr.70207. PMID: 42813564
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.
Selçuk Balcı M, Yıldız CA, Erdem Eralp E, Ersu R
Pediatr Pulmonol 2026 Aug;61(8):e71783. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71783. PMID: 42592874Free PMC Article
Pharmacologic Management of Sleep Bruxism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Polysomnographic Outcomes.
Li D, Chen H, Sun S, Jiayi L, Wei F
J Oral Rehabil 2026 Sep;53(9):1783-1796. Epub 2026 Jul 5 doi: 10.1111/joor.70254. PMID: 42402887Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Fitbit Sense 2 in hospitalized general medicine patients: A pilot study assessing feasibility and validity of specific measures.
Lee S, Tu A, Li Y, Kendzerska T, Wu R
Int J Med Inform 2026 Dec;222:106704. Epub 2026 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106704. PMID: 42691870
A distinct psychotic phenotype in pediatric narcolepsy type 1: a case-control study.
Baldini V, Gnazzo M, Biscarini F, Bruni O, Varallo G, Lecendreux M, Mignot E, De Ronchi D, Shahbaz A, Vandi S, Pizza F, Plazzi G
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109246. Epub 2026 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109246. PMID: 42685448
Lipid-lowering agent use and changes to sleep.
Belghiti M, Virk M, Costa YS, Berger S, Hoxha O, Jairam T, Rajendram P, Murray BJ, Boulos MI
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109232. Epub 2026 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109232. PMID: 42664635
ETAS reduces wake time after sleep onset in healthy adults who are dissatisfied with their sleep: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study.
Misu M, Goto K, Takanari J
Sleep Med X 2026 Dec 15;12:100196. Epub 2026 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2026.100196. PMID: 42571331Free PMC Article
Periodic limb movements of sleep: A comparison of REM and NREM.
Barone DA, Pathak B, Li H, Krieger AC
Sleep Med X 2026 Dec 15;12:100194. Epub 2026 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2026.100194. PMID: 42491075Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Fitbit Sense 2 in hospitalized general medicine patients: A pilot study assessing feasibility and validity of specific measures.
Lee S, Tu A, Li Y, Kendzerska T, Wu R
Int J Med Inform 2026 Dec;222:106704. Epub 2026 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106704. PMID: 42691870
A distinct psychotic phenotype in pediatric narcolepsy type 1: a case-control study.
Baldini V, Gnazzo M, Biscarini F, Bruni O, Varallo G, Lecendreux M, Mignot E, De Ronchi D, Shahbaz A, Vandi S, Pizza F, Plazzi G
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109246. Epub 2026 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109246. PMID: 42685448
Lipid-lowering agent use and changes to sleep.
Belghiti M, Virk M, Costa YS, Berger S, Hoxha O, Jairam T, Rajendram P, Murray BJ, Boulos MI
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109232. Epub 2026 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109232. PMID: 42664635
Periodic limb movements of sleep: A comparison of REM and NREM.
Barone DA, Pathak B, Li H, Krieger AC
Sleep Med X 2026 Dec 15;12:100194. Epub 2026 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2026.100194. PMID: 42491075Free PMC Article
Gender affects the association between sleep hygiene and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a community-based longitudinal study.
Sarvari M, Sharifi Y, Sharifi F, Khezrpour A, Javankiani S, Nasrollahizadeh A, Tavakoli H, Ayati A, Moodi M, Shadman Z, Tayebi A, Shahrestanaki SK, Ebrahimi P, Pourghazi F, Abdollahi M, Khorashadizadeh M, Payab M, Ebrahimpur M
J Diabetes Metab Disord 2026 Dec;25(2):166. Epub 2026 Jun 19 doi: 10.1007/s40200-026-01947-y. PMID: 42327988Free PMC Article

Therapy

Long-term safety and efficacy of vornorexant in Japanese patients with insomnia: A 52-week open-label, randomized trial.
Uchimura N, Kambe D, Hasegawa S, Imadera Y, Yamasaki H, Uchiyama M
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109260. Epub 2026 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109260. PMID: 42731338
Dose-response meta-analysis of dual orexin receptor antagonists on sleep parameters and implications for orexin-mediated arousal.
Caiazza C, Palagini L, Toni C, Maffucci A, Sampogna G, Riemann D, Fiorillo A
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109249. Epub 2026 Sep 7 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109249. PMID: 42710466
Lipid-lowering agent use and changes to sleep.
Belghiti M, Virk M, Costa YS, Berger S, Hoxha O, Jairam T, Rajendram P, Murray BJ, Boulos MI
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109232. Epub 2026 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109232. PMID: 42664635
Efficacy of cannabinoids for insomnia and sleep disturbance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asim R, Azeem B, Wijdan SA, Hanafi MA, Mubarika M, Muneer SU, Abdalla MI, Ishtiaq S, Ashraf H
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109193. Epub 2026 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109193. PMID: 42574897
ETAS reduces wake time after sleep onset in healthy adults who are dissatisfied with their sleep: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study.
Misu M, Goto K, Takanari J
Sleep Med X 2026 Dec 15;12:100196. Epub 2026 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2026.100196. PMID: 42571331Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Fitbit Sense 2 in hospitalized general medicine patients: A pilot study assessing feasibility and validity of specific measures.
Lee S, Tu A, Li Y, Kendzerska T, Wu R
Int J Med Inform 2026 Dec;222:106704. Epub 2026 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106704. PMID: 42691870
A distinct psychotic phenotype in pediatric narcolepsy type 1: a case-control study.
Baldini V, Gnazzo M, Biscarini F, Bruni O, Varallo G, Lecendreux M, Mignot E, De Ronchi D, Shahbaz A, Vandi S, Pizza F, Plazzi G
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109246. Epub 2026 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109246. PMID: 42685448
Sleep microstructure and cognitive trajectories in healthy aging: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study.
Urdanibia-Centelles O, Arvedsen S, Brink-Kjær A, Lauritzen M, Benedek K, Jennum P
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109211. Epub 2026 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109211. PMID: 42628340
Actigraphy-derived sleep patterns in children and adolescents with persistent post-concussion symptoms: An exploratory study.
Cassimatis M, Orr R, Ahmadi M, Browne G
JSAMS Plus 2026 Dec;8:100146. Epub 2026 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jsampl.2026.100146. PMID: 42434197Free PMC Article
Poor sleep quality correlates with axial symptoms and mood problems in Parkinson's disease.
Taniguchi S, Kajiyama Y, Shirahata E, Kimura Y, Kakuda K, Ge L, Asai K, Minami Y, Kishi A, D'Cruz N, Ueda HR, Gilat M, Mochizuki H, Ikenaka K
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2026 Dec;28(1):250-258. Epub 2026 Jun 15 doi: 10.1080/19585969.2026.2684199. PMID: 42290512Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Long-term safety and efficacy of vornorexant in Japanese patients with insomnia: A 52-week open-label, randomized trial.
Uchimura N, Kambe D, Hasegawa S, Imadera Y, Yamasaki H, Uchiyama M
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109260. Epub 2026 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109260. PMID: 42731338
Fitbit Sense 2 in hospitalized general medicine patients: A pilot study assessing feasibility and validity of specific measures.
Lee S, Tu A, Li Y, Kendzerska T, Wu R
Int J Med Inform 2026 Dec;222:106704. Epub 2026 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106704. PMID: 42691870
A distinct psychotic phenotype in pediatric narcolepsy type 1: a case-control study.
Baldini V, Gnazzo M, Biscarini F, Bruni O, Varallo G, Lecendreux M, Mignot E, De Ronchi D, Shahbaz A, Vandi S, Pizza F, Plazzi G
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109246. Epub 2026 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109246. PMID: 42685448
Sleep microstructure and cognitive trajectories in healthy aging: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study.
Urdanibia-Centelles O, Arvedsen S, Brink-Kjær A, Lauritzen M, Benedek K, Jennum P
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109211. Epub 2026 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109211. PMID: 42628340
ETAS reduces wake time after sleep onset in healthy adults who are dissatisfied with their sleep: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study.
Misu M, Goto K, Takanari J
Sleep Med X 2026 Dec 15;12:100196. Epub 2026 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2026.100196. PMID: 42571331Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Effects of stellate ganglion block on postoperative sleep disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wu K, Gao Y, Gao X
Sleep Breath 2026 Oct 2;30(5) doi: 10.1007/s11325-026-03825-6. PMID: 42825964
Dose-response meta-analysis of dual orexin receptor antagonists on sleep parameters and implications for orexin-mediated arousal.
Caiazza C, Palagini L, Toni C, Maffucci A, Sampogna G, Riemann D, Fiorillo A
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109249. Epub 2026 Sep 7 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109249. PMID: 42710466
Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep improvement in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Yang M, Zou S, Li Y, Wang Z
J Alzheimers Dis 2026 Oct;113(4):1555-1569. Epub 2026 Sep 1 doi: 10.1177/13872877261480066. PMID: 42678693
Efficacy of cannabinoids for insomnia and sleep disturbance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asim R, Azeem B, Wijdan SA, Hanafi MA, Mubarika M, Muneer SU, Abdalla MI, Ishtiaq S, Ashraf H
Sleep Med 2026 Dec;148:109193. Epub 2026 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109193. PMID: 42574897
Sleep Health in Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review.
Kenny S, Hershon M, Booij L, Burdayron R, Pennestri MH
Eur Eat Disord Rev 2026 Nov;34(6):1528-1546. Epub 2026 Jun 20 doi: 10.1002/erv.70136. PMID: 42322130Free PMC Article

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    Practice guidelines

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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

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