U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

GTR Home > Conditions/Phenotypes > Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism

Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism

Synonyms
Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IA; Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A
Modes of inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance (Orphanet)

Summary

Researchers have identified multiple types of oculocutaneous albinism, which are distinguished by their specific skin, hair, and eye color changes and by their genetic cause. Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 is characterized by white hair, very pale skin, and light-colored irises. Type 2 is typically less severe than type 1; the skin is usually a creamy white color and hair may be light yellow, blond, or light brown. Type 3 includes a form of albinism called rufous oculocutaneous albinism, which usually affects dark-skinned people. Affected individuals have reddish-brown skin, ginger or red hair, and hazel or brown irises. Type 3 is often associated with milder vision abnormalities than the other forms of oculocutaneous albinism. Type 4 has signs and symptoms similar to those seen with type 2.\n\nOculocutaneous albinism is a group of conditions that affect coloring (pigmentation) of the skin, hair, and eyes. Affected individuals typically have very fair skin and white or light-colored hair. Long-term sun exposure greatly increases the risk of skin damage and skin cancers, including an aggressive form of skin cancer called melanoma, in people with this condition. Oculocutaneous albinism also reduces pigmentation of the colored part of the eye (the iris) and the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina). People with this condition usually have vision problems such as reduced sharpness; rapid, involuntary eye movements (nystagmus); and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).\n\nSeveral additional types of this disorder have been proposed, each affecting one or a few families. [from MedlinePlus Genetics]

Available tests

29 tests are in the database for this condition.

Check Related conditions for additional relevant tests.

Clinical tests (29 available)

Molecular Genetics Tests

Genes See tests for all associated and related genes

  • Also known as: ATN, CMM8, OCA1, OCA1A, OCAIA, SHEP3, TYR
    Summary: tyrosinase

Clinical features

Help
Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

Show allHide all

IMPORTANT NOTE: NIH does not independently verify information submitted to the GTR; it relies on submitters to provide information that is accurate and not misleading. NIH makes no endorsements of tests or laboratories listed in the GTR. GTR is not a substitute for medical advice. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.