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    CXCL16 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 58191, updated on 7-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CXCL16provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:16642
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000161921 MIM:605398; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16642
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    SRPSOX; CXCLG16; SR-PSOX
    Summary
    Enables chemokine activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cell growth; response to interferon-gamma; and response to tumor necrosis factor. Located in extracellular space. Biomarker of COVID-19 and systemic scleroderma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Broad expression in lung (RPKM 40.7), testis (RPKM 23.8) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See CXCL16 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17p13.2
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (4733533..4739928, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (4623202..4629598, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (4636828..4643223, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene PELP1 divergent transcript Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S12 pseudogene 29 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8042 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11545 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47220 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4621547-4622746 Neighboring gene arrestin beta 2 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2699 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4634559-4635378 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4641736-4642641 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4642642-4643546 Neighboring gene mediator complex subunit 11 Neighboring gene zinc finger MYND-type containing 15 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:4667359-4667521 Neighboring gene transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 Neighboring gene vitelline membrane outer layer 1 homolog

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. CXCL16 associates with adverse outcome and cardiac involvement in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Gregersen I, et al. J Infect, 2022 Dec. PMID 36216188, Free PMC Article
    2. Metabolic Syndrome in Psoriasis Is Associated With Upregulation of CXCL16 on Monocytes and a Dysbalance in Innate Lymphoid Cells. Schielke L, et al. Front Immunol, 2022. PMID 35784287, Free PMC Article
    3. Clinical significance and role of CXCL16 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis. Li W, et al. Immunol Lett, 2022 Mar. PMID 35120907
    4. Application effect of tirofiban on percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome and its postoperative effect on C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 level and myocardial perfusion. Xu M, et al. Pak J Pharm Sci, 2021 Jan. PMID 34275795
    5. The Role of CXCL16 in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Other Diseases. Korbecki J, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Mar 28. PMID 33800554, Free PMC Article

    See all (196) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Serum CXCL16: A new predictor of liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
      Title: Serum CXCL16: A new predictor of liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
    2. Identification of CXCL16 as a diagnostic biomarker for obesity and intervertebral disc degeneration based on machine learning.
      Title: Identification of CXCL16 as a diagnostic biomarker for obesity and intervertebral disc degeneration based on machine learning.
    3. CXCL5 and CXCL14, but not CXCL16 as potential biomarkers of colorectal cancer.
      Title: CXCL5 and CXCL14, but not CXCL16 as potential biomarkers of colorectal cancer.
    4. Upregulation of IL-33, CCL2, and CXCL16 levels in Brazilian pregnant women infected by Toxoplasma gondii.
      Title: Upregulation of IL-33, CCL2, and CXCL16 levels in Brazilian pregnant women infected by Toxoplasma gondii.
    5. ELK3-CXCL16 axis determines natural killer cell cytotoxicity via the chemotactic activity of CXCL16 in triple negative breast cancer.
      Title: ELK3-CXCL16 axis determines natural killer cell cytotoxicity via the chemotactic activity of CXCL16 in triple negative breast cancer.
    6. Convergent transcriptomic and genomic evidence supporting a dysregulation of CXCL16 and CCL5 in Alzheimer's disease.
      Title: Convergent transcriptomic and genomic evidence supporting a dysregulation of CXCL16 and CCL5 in Alzheimer's disease.
    7. CXCL16 inhibits epithelial regeneration and promotes fibrosis during the progression of radiation enteritis.
      Title: CXCL16 inhibits epithelial regeneration and promotes fibrosis during the progression of radiation enteritis.
    8. CXCL16 associates with adverse outcome and cardiac involvement in hospitalized patients with Covid-19.
      Title: CXCL16 associates with adverse outcome and cardiac involvement in hospitalized patients with Covid-19.
    9. Platelet SR-PSOX/CXCL16-CXCR6 Axis Influences Thrombotic Propensity and Prognosis in Coronary Artery Disease.
      Title: Platelet SR-PSOX/CXCL16-CXCR6 Axis Influences Thrombotic Propensity and Prognosis in Coronary Artery Disease.
    10. Metabolic Syndrome in Psoriasis Is Associated With Upregulation of CXCL16 on Monocytes and a Dysbalance in Innate Lymphoid Cells.
      Title: Metabolic Syndrome in Psoriasis Is Associated With Upregulation of CXCL16 on Monocytes and a Dysbalance in Innate Lymphoid Cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (176)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 upregulates the expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) in human B cells PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat protein significantly increases CXCL16 release in THP-1 macrophages PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables chemokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables chemokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables scavenger receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables scavenger receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in T cell chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chemotaxis NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell growth IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in receptor-mediated endocytosis NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to cytokine IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to tumor necrosis factor IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to type II interferon IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in membrane NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    C-X-C motif chemokine 16
    Names
    CXC chemokine ligand 16
    chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16
    scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized low density lipoprotein
    small-inducible cytokine B16
    transmembrane chemokine CXCL16

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001100812.2 → NP_001094282.2  C-X-C motif chemokine 16 isoform 1 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes a 3' terminal exon that extends past a splice site that is used in variant 1. This results in a novel 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY358909, CA307348, DC373874
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11052.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A0N0N4, A8K7U9, B2RCB0, Q8TC80, Q96K63, Q9BXD6, Q9H2A7, Q9H2F6
      Related
      ENSP00000459592.2, ENST00000574412.6

    2. NM_001386809.1 → NP_001373738.1  C-X-C motif chemokine 16 isoform 1 precursor

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC091153
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11052.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A0N0N4, A8K7U9, B2RCB0, Q8TC80, Q96K63, Q9BXD6, Q9H2A7, Q9H2F6
      Related
      ENSP00000293778.7, ENST00000293778.12

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      4733533..4739928 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      4623202..4629598 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_022059.4: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_022059.4: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9H2A7.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9H2A7

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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