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    PARG poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8505, updated on 27-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PARGprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:8605
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000227345 MIM:603501; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8605
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PARG99
    Summary
    Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the major enzyme responsible for the catabolism of poly(ADP-ribose), a reversible covalent-modifier of chromosomal proteins. The protein is found in many tissues and may be subject to proteolysis generating smaller, active products. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in kidney (RPKM 6.5), testis (RPKM 6.1) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PARG in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    10q11.23
    Exon count:
    21
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (49818279..49942027, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (50667926..50791669, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (51026325..51371371, complement)

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 89 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:51038955-51039720 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:51039721-51040484 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10647 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 24 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:51133929-51134429 Neighboring gene TIMM23B-AGAP6 readthrough (NMD candidate) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3355 Neighboring gene translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog B Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 74C-2 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 317

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Upregulation of PARG in prostate cancer cells suppresses their malignant behavior and downregulates tumor-promoting genes. Karpova Y, et al. Biomed Pharmacother, 2022 Sep. PMID 36076593
    2. PARG has a robust endo-glycohydrolase activity that releases protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains. Pourfarjam Y, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020 Jun 30. PMID 32439163
    3. Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer. Jain A, et al. Cancer Res, 2019 Sep 1. PMID 31273064, Free PMC Article
    4. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Marques M, et al. Oncogene, 2019 Mar. PMID 30459355, Free PMC Article
    5. Specific killing of DNA damage-response deficient cells with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Gravells P, et al. DNA Repair (Amst), 2017 Apr. PMID 28254358, Free PMC Article

    See all (79) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. PARG Promotes Esophagus Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activation of the Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway.
      Title: PARG Promotes Esophagus Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.
    2. O-GlcNAc has crosstalk with ADP-ribosylation via PARG.
      Title: O-GlcNAc has crosstalk with ADP-ribosylation via PARG.
    3. Upregulation of PARG in prostate cancer cells suppresses their malignant behavior and downregulates tumor-promoting genes.
      Title: Upregulation of PARG in prostate cancer cells suppresses their malignant behavior and downregulates tumor-promoting genes.
    4. Unrestrained poly-ADP-ribosylation provides insights into chromatin regulation and human disease.
      Title: Unrestrained poly-ADP-ribosylation provides insights into chromatin regulation and human disease.
    5. PARG overexpression partially but significantly inhibited ASK3 dephosphorylation under hyperosmotic stress, while the glycohydrolase-inactive PARG mutant did not.
      Title: Cells recognize osmotic stress through liquid-liquid phase separation lubricated with poly(ADP-ribose).
    6. Regulation of ALT-associated homology-directed repair by polyADP-ribosylation.
      Title: Regulation of ALT-associated homology-directed repair by polyADP-ribosylation.
    7. PARG has a robust endo-glycohydrolase activity that releases protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains.
      Title: PARG has a robust endo-glycohydrolase activity that releases protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains.
    8. PARG, an enzyme family that hydrolyzes poly(ADP-ribose), is sufficient to dissociate damaged DNA-rich compartments in vitro and initiates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FUS in cells.
      Title: PARP-1 Activation Directs FUS to DNA Damage Sites to Form PARG-Reversible Compartments Enriched in Damaged DNA.
    9. PARG role in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
      Title: Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer.
    10. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
      Title: Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (40)

    Phenotypes

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    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ54459, FLJ60257, FLJ60456

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in base-excision repair, gap-filling TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in nucleotide-sugar metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of DNA repair IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrial matrix IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in nuclear body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
    Names
    mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
    NP_001290415.1
    NP_001290416.1
    NP_001290418.1
    NP_001311310.1
    NP_003622.2
    XP_011538607.1
    XP_047281877.1
    XP_054223024.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001303486.3 → NP_001290415.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001290415.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0MQR4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam05028
      Location:499 → 827
      PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

    2. NM_001303487.3 → NP_001290416.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform c

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001290416.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0MQR4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam05028
      Location:473 → 801
      PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

    3. NM_001303489.3 → NP_001290418.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform d

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DX76
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam05028
      Location:167 → 492
      PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

    4. NM_001324381.3 → NP_001311310.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform b

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0MQR4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam05028
      Location:499 → 827
      PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

    5. NM_003631.5 → NP_003622.2  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003622.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS73130.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A5YBK3, B2RC24, B4DIU5, B4DYR4, I6RUV3, Q6E4P6, Q6E4P7, Q7Z742, Q86W56, Q9Y4W7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0MQR4
      Related
      ENSP00000484285.1, ENST00000616448.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam05028
      Location:581 → 909
      PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

    RNA

    1. NR_130168.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

    2. NR_130169.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

    3. NR_136752.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

    4. NR_136753.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

    5. NR_136754.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
      Related
      ENST00000614063.4

    6. NR_136755.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

    7. NR_136756.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      49818279..49942027 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011540305.2 → XP_011538607.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0MQR4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam05028
      Location:540 → 868
      PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

    2. XM_047425921.1 → XP_047281877.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform X2

    RNA

    1. XR_007062014.1 RNA Sequence

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      50667926..50791669 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054367049.1 → XP_054223024.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform X2

    RNA

    1. XR_008488305.1 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q86W56.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q86W56

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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