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Series GSE36463 Query DataSets for GSE36463
Status Public on May 24, 2019
Title Profiling of differential allelic expression in mouse placental tissues from two reciprocal crosses at embryonic day 13.5 and 17.5.
Organism Mus musculus
Experiment type Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing
Summary Mammals achieve parity in expression of X linked genes in somatic tissue of males and females through the mechanism of X inactivation. Not all X-linked genes are silenced on the inactivated X, and genes that escape X-inactivation provide key insights about the mechanism of X inactivation. In humans, 15% of X-linked genes escape random X inactivation whereas in mouse 3% of X-linked genes escape inactivation. In marsupials and mouse, extraembryonic tissues (which give rise to the placenta) display another form of dosage compensation called imprinted X inactivation. Imprinted X inactivation is not random, as it is always the paternal X that is inactivated. There are as yet no reports in the literature of genes that might escape imprinted X inactivation. Here, we performed a deep RNA-seq study in mouse placenta samples from reciprocal crosses and discovered that 7.4% (21/282) of X-linked genes escape imprinted X inactivation. Strikingly, there is zero overlap between the set of imprinted X inactivation escapers and random X inactivation escapers. Imprinted X inactivation escapers are stable and show >35% paternal expression compared to >10% expression from the inactive X for random X inactivation escapers. Imprinted X inactivation escapers are all of clear functional importance to the placenta, and they are strongly clustered on the X. GO analysis reveals that glycoproteins and transmembrane proteins are significantly enriched among imprinted X inactivation escapers. The X-added region (XAR) of the eutherian mammal X is autosomal in marsupials and these genes were added to the X in eutherian mammals since the time of common ancestry. Fully 70% of the genes in the XAR escape random X inactivation, as though they have yet to acquire normal dosage compensation. But fewer than 10% of the genes in the X-added region (XAR) escape imprinted X inactivation, consistent with a imprinted X inactivation being a default state, and escape occurs only for genes requiring biallelic expression. The deep interspecific conservation of X inactivation escaper status that we find across mammals (including marsupials) despite the radical variation in mechanism provides strong evidence that there is a functional basis for escaper genes to retain their biallelic expression. Discussion of the specific genes that are escapers of imprinted X inactivation will suggest reasons for this functional conservation.
 
Overall design Examine allelic expression in E17.5 and E13.5 placenta tissues from two reciprocal crosses, AKR-PWD and B6-CAST.
 
Contributor(s) Clark A, Wang X
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Submission date Mar 13, 2012
Last update date May 24, 2019
Contact name Andrew Clark
E-mail(s) ac347@cornell.edu
Organization name Cornell University
Street address 227 Biotech Building
City Ithaca
ZIP/Postal code 14853
Country USA
 
Platforms (1)
GPL13112 Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Mus musculus)
Samples (6)
GSM894309 Mouse placenta RNAseq AP E17
GSM894310 Mouse placenta RNAseq PA E17
GSM894311 Mouse placenta RNAseq BC E17
Relations
SRA SRP011430
BioProject PRJNA153559

Download family Format
SOFT formatted family file(s) SOFTHelp
MINiML formatted family file(s) MINiMLHelp
Series Matrix File(s) TXTHelp

Supplementary file Size Download File type/resource
GSE36463_RAW.tar 7.3 Mb (http)(custom) TAR (of TXT)
SRA Run SelectorHelp
Raw data are available in SRA
Processed data provided as supplementary file

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