Genome

Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) Sumatran orangutan; useful in studies of hominoid chromosome evolution Lineage: Eukaryota[15558]; Metazoa[7784]; Chordata[3583]; Craniata[3548]; Vertebrata[3548]; Euteleostomi[3503]; Mammalia[873]; Eutheria[699]; Euarchontoglires[338]; Primates[190]; Haplorrhini[138]; Catarrhini[64]; Hominidae[7]; Pongo[2]; Pongo abelii[1]

The two former subspecies of orangutan, Bornean Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus and Sumatran P. pygmaeus abelii, have recently been promoted to distinct Sumatran (P. abelii) and Bornean (P. pygmaeus) orangutan species. Orangutans are critically endangered primates whose populations have decreased nearly ninety percent in the past More...few decades. The Sumatran orangutan genome is valued in evolutionary studies of humans and great apes as orangutans are the closest living relatives to these hominoids and have a karyotype that is thought to be most similar to the ancestral hominoid karyotype. Sumatran and Bornean orangutan genomes can be cytogenetically distinguished by several pericentric inversions. The Pongo abelii haploid genome is estimated to be 3090 Mb. The diploid genome is organized in 23 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 is a fusion of orangutan chromosomes 2A and 2B. Less...

Summary Sequence data:  genome assemblies: 8; sequence reads: 1  (See  Genome Assembly and Annotation report) Statistics:  median total length (Mb): 3191.18  median protein count: 65612  median GC%: 40.9 NCBI Annotation Release:  105 Publications (limited to 20 most recent records) The complete sequence and comparative analysis of ape sex chromosomes. Makova KD, et al. Nature 2024 Jun Structurally divergent and recurrently mutated regions of primate genomes. Mao Y, et al. bioRxiv 2023 Mar 7 Dynamic evolution of great ape Y chromosomes. Cechova M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Oct 20 A mitogenomic phylogeny of living primates. Finstermeier K, et al. PLoS One 2013 Comparative and demographic analysis of orang-utan genomes. Locke DP, et al. Nature 2011 Jan 27 The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Sumatran orangutan and a molecular proposal for two (Bornean and Sumatran) species of orangutan. Xu X, et al. J Mol Evol 1996 Nov More...  Representative (genome information for reference and representative genomes) Reference genome:   Pongo abelii NHGRI_mPonAbe1-v2.0_pri Submitter: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Loc Type Name RefSeq INSDC Size (Mb) GC% Protein rRNA tRNA Other RNA Gene Pseudogene Chr 1 NC_071985.2 CM054679.2 233.8 41.6 7,909 153 163 1,729 4,160 617 Chr 2 NC_085928.1 CM068843.1 209.55 39.7 4,968 1 4 1,162 2,271 432 Chr 3 NC_071988.2 CM054682.2 212.92 38.3 3,266 - 1 1,061 1,747 349 Chr 4 NC_071989.2 CM054683.2 190.38 39.5 3,246 - 20 975 1,905 348 Chr 5 NC_071990.2 CM054684.2 172.61 39.5 3,770 1 137 1,186 2,294 420 Chr 6 NC_071991.2 CM054685.2 156.97 40.7 3,833 - 18 1,034 2,056 419 Chr 7 NC_071992.2 CM054686.2 161.63 40.5 2,872 - 6 926 1,590 299 Chr 8 NC_071993.2 CM054687.2 140.85 41.4 3,660 - 3 876 1,602 277 Chr 9 NC_071994.2 CM054688.2 138.47 41.4 4,811 - 14 941 2,230 328 Chr 10 NC_071995.2 CM054689.2 132.28 40.9 4,238 - 6 949 1,983 326 Chr 11 NC_071996.2 CM054690.2 146.2 39.7 3,008 14 5 859 1,401 242 Chr 12 NC_071997.2 CM054691.2 133.18 41.1 2,832 25 4 810 1,478 245 Chr 13 NC_071998.2 CM054692.2 129.62 41.5 3,311 8 3 773 1,577 281 Chr 14 NC_071999.2 CM054693.2 120.58 39.2 1,710 13 4 623 940 162 Chr 15 NC_072000.2 CM054694.2 111.74 40.9 2,654 36 24 664 1,469 245 Chr 16 NC_072001.2 CM054695.2 105.33 41.9 2,981 23 8 1,019 1,740 400 Chr 17 NC_072002.2 CM054696.2 95.46 40.1 1,280 11 1 448 791 157 Chr 18 NC_072003.2 CM054697.2 89.55 44.3 3,511 - 25 654 1,533 205 Chr 19 NC_072004.2 CM054698.2 98.67 45.2 4,450 - 33 1,075 2,172 278 Chr 20 NC_072005.2 CM054699.2 65.4 47.1 5,352 - 10 711 2,074 215 Chr 21 NC_072006.2 CM054700.2 68.75 43.4 1,937 - - 535 1,011 119 Chr 22 NC_072007.2 CM054701.2 57.14 40.9 823 47 - 276 581 100 Chr 23 NC_085929.1 CM068844.1 57.59 45.3 1,940 53 1 371 927 133 Chr X NC_072008.2 CM054702.2 162.59 39.5 2,888 - 3 459 1,660 437 Chr Y NC_072009.2 CM054703.2 67.83 41.4 251 10 - 132 504 265 MT NC_002083.1 - 0.02 45.9 13 2 22 - 37 - Un - . - 0.77 49.5 3 - - 1 24 20 Chromosomes Click on chromosome name to open Genome Data Viewer External Resources Baylor College of Medicine CHORI BAC Library Great Ape Genome Project NISC Comparative Vertebrate Sequencing Orangutan Cytogenetics Primate Info Net Washington University Genome Sequencing Center