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    GPR15 G protein-coupled receptor 15 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2838, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GPR15provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    G protein-coupled receptor 15provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4469
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000154165 MIM:601166; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4469
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    BOB
    Summary
    This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that acts as a chemokine receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2. The encoded protein localizes to the cell membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See GPR15 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3q11.2
    Exon count:
    1
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (98531978..98534681)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (101235662..101238365)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (98250822..98253525)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14555 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14556 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20137 Neighboring gene claudin domain containing 1 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:98247209-98247752 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14557 Neighboring gene RPL38 pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14558 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20138 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:98274627-98275826 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20141 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14559 Neighboring gene coproporphyrinogen oxidase Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14560 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20142 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20143 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20144 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L19 pseudogene 7

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Phosphorylation-dependent C-terminal binding of 14-3-3 proteins promotes cell surface expression of HIV co-receptor GPR15. Okamoto Y, et al. J Biol Chem, 2011 Mar 4. PMID 21189250, Free PMC Article
    2. Smoking-induced expression of the GPR15 gene indicates its potential role in chronic inflammatory pathologies. Kõks G, et al. Am J Pathol, 2015 Nov. PMID 26348578
    3. A varying T cell subtype explains apparent tobacco smoking induced single CpG hypomethylation in whole blood. Bauer M, et al. Clin Epigenetics, 2015. PMID 26246861, Free PMC Article
    4. GPR15: a tale of two species. Bilsborough J, et al. Nat Immunol, 2015 Feb. PMID 25594457
    5. Orphan receptor GPR15/BOB is up-regulated in rheumatoid arthritis. Cartwright A, et al. Cytokine, 2014 Jun. PMID 24725539, Free PMC Article

    See all (45) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 decreases acute graft-versus-host disease through activating GPR15.
      Title: Thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 decreases acute graft-versus-host disease through activating GPR15.
    2. Blocking GPR15 Counteracts Integrin-dependent T Cell Gut Homing in Vivo.
      Title: Blocking GPR15 Counteracts Integrin-dependent T Cell Gut Homing in Vivo.
    3. Emerging roles of a chemoattractant receptor GPR15 and ligands in pathophysiology.
      Title: Emerging roles of a chemoattractant receptor GPR15 and ligands in pathophysiology.
    4. Elevated Expression and Activation of GPR15 in Immune Cells in Graves' Disease.
      Title: Elevated Expression and Activation of GPR15 in Immune Cells in Graves' Disease.
    5. GPR15 expressed in T lymphocytes from RA patients is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis to the synovium.
      Title: GPR15 expressed in T lymphocytes from RA patients is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis to the synovium.
    6. Clonally expanded, GPR15-expressing pathogenic effector TH2 cells are associated with eosinophilic esophagitis.
      Title: Clonally expanded, GPR15-expressing pathogenic effector T(H)2 cells are associated with eosinophilic esophagitis.
    7. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates expression of mucosal trafficking receptor GPR15.
      Title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates expression of mucosal trafficking receptor GPR15.
    8. GPR15 Facilitates Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells to Promote Colorectal Cancer.
      Title: GPR15 Facilitates Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells to Promote Colorectal Cancer.
    9. Natural cystatin C fragments inhibit GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without interfering with GPR15L signaling.
      Title: Natural cystatin C fragments inhibit GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without interfering with GPR15L signaling.
    10. Inflammatory biomarker relationships with helper T cell GPR15 expression and cannabis and tobacco smoking.
      Title: Inflammatory biomarker relationships with helper T cell GPR15 expression and cannabis and tobacco smoking.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 ZP6248 T/F virus efficiently uses an alternative coreceptor GPR15 to establish clinical infection, and gp120 G306A, V307A, E314A, K315A, V316A, Y317A, F318A and S322A mutations significantly reduce or abolish the replication capacity in GPR15+ cells PubMed
    env HIV gp120-induced calcium signaling, microtubule loss, and physiological changes on HT-29 cells are inhibited by anti-Bob/GPR15 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that gp120-induced Bob/GRP15 activation is a plausible cause of HIV enteropathy PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC126828, MGC126830

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables coreceptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables virus receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in T cell migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in angiogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in symbiont entry into host cell IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in endosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    G-protein coupled receptor 15
    Names
    brother of Bonzo

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_005290.4 → NP_005281.1  G-protein coupled receptor 15

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005281.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AA687817, AC021660, AK313375, BC101779
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2931.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P49685, Q3MIL4, Q6ISN6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8H6, B6V9G9
      Related
      ENSP00000284311.3, ENST00000284311.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15194
      Location:34 → 313
      7tmA_GPR15; G protein-coupled receptor 15, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      98531978..98534681
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      101235662..101238365
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P49685.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P49685

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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