| Structure of the human galanin receptor 2 bound to galanin and Gq reveals the basis of ligand specificity and how binding affects the G-protein interface. | Structure of the human galanin receptor 2 bound to galanin and Gq reveals the basis of ligand specificity and how binding affects the G-protein interface.
Heo Y, Ishimoto N, Jeon YE, Yun JH, Ohki M, Anraku Y, Sasaki M, Kita S, Fukuhara H, Ikuta T, Kawakami K, Inoue A, Maenaka K, Tame JRH, Lee W, Park SY., Free PMC Article | 08/20/2022 |
| Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients. | Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.
Kiezun J, Godlewski J, Krazinski BE, Kozielec Z, Kmiec Z., Free PMC Article | 04/23/2022 |
| Low GALR2 expression is associated with gastric cancer. | Galanin expression is down-regulated in patients with gastric cancer.
Zhang L, Fang P, Chai C, Shao L, Mao H, Qiao D, Kong G, Dong X, Shi M, Zhang Z, Bo P., Free PMC Article | 08/1/2020 |
| molecular structures that confer ligand selectivity for galanin type II and III receptors | Exploring the molecular structures that confer ligand selectivity for galanin type II and III receptors.
Lee YN, Reyes-Alcaraz A, Yun S, Lee CS, Hwang JI, Seong JY., Free PMC Article | 06/27/2020 |
| Study provides evidence that GAL and GALR1/2 genes were identified as aberrantly methylated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.
Misawa K, Mochizuki D, Endo S, Mima M, Misawa Y, Imai A, Shinmura K, Kanazawa T, Carey TE, Mineta H. | 09/9/2017 |
| GAL and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, play a role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis | Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer.
Misawa K, Misawa Y, Kanazawa T, Mochizuki D, Imai A, Endo S, Carey TE, Mineta H. | 07/30/2016 |
| The G protein-coupled receptor GALR2 promotes angiogenesis in head and neck cancer | The G protein-coupled receptor GALR2 promotes angiogenesis in head and neck cancer.
Banerjee R, Van Tubergen EA, Scanlon CS, Vander Broek R, Lints JP, Liu M, Russo N, Inglehart RC, Wang Y, Polverini PJ, Kirkwood KL, D'Silva NJ., Free PMC Article | 01/3/2015 |
| In HEp-2 cells, GALR2-mediated apoptosis was caspase-independent. | Novel anti-tumor mechanism of galanin receptor type 2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Uehara T, Kanazawa T, Mizukami H, Uchibori R, Tsukahara T, Urabe M, Kume A, Misawa K, Carey TE, Suzuki M, Ichimura K, Ozawa K., Free PMC Article | 07/5/2014 |
| Data from ligand-receptor interaction studies suggest that human spexin-1 and zebrafish spexin-2 activate galanin receptors GALR2/GALR3 (but not GALR1); thus spexins appear to be natural ligands for human/Xenopus/zebrafish GALR2/GALR3. | Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin activates galanin receptor type II and III.
Kim DK, Yun S, Son GH, Hwang JI, Park CR, Kim JI, Kim K, Vaudry H, Seong JY. | 06/21/2014 |
| Variants in genes for galanin (GAL) and its receptors (GALR1, GALR2, GALR3), despite their disparate genomic loci, conferred increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. | Brain galanin system genes interact with life stresses in depression-related phenotypes.
Juhasz G, Hullam G, Eszlari N, Gonda X, Antal P, Anderson IM, Hökfelt TG, Deakin JF, Bagdy G., Free PMC Article | 06/21/2014 |
| Activation of GalR2 leads to elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) due to Ca(2+) efflux from endoplasmic reticulum through IP3R sequentially opening BK alpha channels. | Activation of galanin receptor 2 stimulates large conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) (BK) channels through the IP3 pathway in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells.
Pan NC, Bai YF, Yang Y, Hökfelt T, Xu ZQ. | 06/14/2014 |
| The expression of GALR2 mRNA is lost in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as a consequence of DNA methylation.Silencing of the GALR2 gene by methylation may be a critical event in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | Tumor suppressor activity and inactivation of galanin receptor type 2 by aberrant promoter methylation in head and neck cancer.
Misawa Y, Misawa K, Kanazawa T, Uehara T, Endo S, Mochizuki D, Yamatodani T, Carey TE, Mineta H. | 03/1/2014 |
| galanin receptor 2 promotes cell proliferation and survival, and promotes tumor growth, consistent with an oncogenic role for GALR2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | Rap1 mediates galanin receptor 2-induced proliferation and survival in squamous cell carcinoma.
Banerjee R, Henson BS, Russo N, Tsodikov A, D'Silva NJ., Free PMC Article | 09/17/2011 |
| Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) | Identification of new putative susceptibility genes for several psychiatric disorders by association analysis of regulatory and non-synonymous SNPs of 306 genes involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment.
Gratacòs M, Costas J, de Cid R, Bayés M, González JR, Baca-García E, de Diego Y, Fernández-Aranda F, Fernández-Piqueras J, Guitart M, Martín-Santos R, Martorell L, Menchón JM, Roca M, Sáiz-Ruiz J, Sanjuán J, Torrens M, Urretavizcaya M, Valero J, Vilella E, Estivill X, Carracedo A, Psychiatric Genetics Network Group. | 01/11/2009 |
| point to GalR2 as a possible target for therapeuthic interventions in pheochromocytoma | Galanin decreases proliferation of PC12 cells and induces apoptosis via its subtype 2 receptor (GalR2).
Tofighi R, Joseph B, Xia S, Xu ZQ, Hamberger B, Hökfelt T, Ceccatelli S., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator) | Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes.
Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A, McKnight C, Evans C, Virkkunen M, Albaugh B, Max MB, Goldman D, Enoch MA, Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A, McKnight C, Evans C, Virkkunen M, Albaugh B, Max MB, Goldman D, Enoch MA. | 03/13/2008 |
| There was no effect of GALR2 on alcoholism risk. | Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes.
Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A, McKnight C, Evans C, Virkkunen M, Albaugh B, Max MB, Goldman D, Enoch MA, Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A, McKnight C, Evans C, Virkkunen M, Albaugh B, Max MB, Goldman D, Enoch MA. | 01/21/2010 |
| Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors | Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors.
Berger A, Tuechler C, Almer D, Kogner P, Ratschek M, Kerbl R, Iismaa TP, Jones N, Sperl W, Kofler B. | 01/21/2010 |
| study indicates that a high level of GalR2 galanin receptor expression is able to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells | Galanin receptor subtype GalR2 mediates apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Berger A, Lang R, Moritz K, Santic R, Hermann A, Sperl W, Kofler B. | 01/21/2010 |