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    GREM2 gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 64388, updated on 28-Oct-2024

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    GeneRIFPubMed TitleDate
    MiR-103a-3p Contributes to the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Regulating GREM2 Expression.

    MiR-103a-3p Contributes to the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Regulating GREM2 Expression.
    Zhang Z, Zhu X., Free PMC Article

    06/11/2022
    GREM2 is associated with human central obesity and inhibits visceral preadipocyte browning.

    GREM2 is associated with human central obesity and inhibits visceral preadipocyte browning.
    Liu W, Li D, Yang M, Wang L, Xu Y, Chen N, Zhang Z, Shi J, Li W, Zhao S, Gao A, Chen Y, Ma Q, Zheng R, Wu S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Qian S, Bi Y, Gu W, Tang Q, Ning G, Liu R, Wang W, Hong J, Wang J., Free PMC Article

    05/7/2022
    Functional characterization of ATF1, GREM2 AND WNT10B variants associated with tooth agenesis.

    Functional characterization of ATF1, GREM2 AND WNT10B variants associated with tooth agenesis.
    Williams M, Zeng Y, Chiquet B, Jacob H, Kurtis Kasper F, Harrington DA, English J, Akyalcin S, Letra A.

    10/23/2021
    Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted exosomal miR-423-5p promotes chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer by targeting GREM2 through the TGF-beta signaling pathway.

    Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted exosomal miR-423-5p promotes chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer by targeting GREM2 through the TGF-β signaling pathway.
    Shan G, Gu J, Zhou D, Li L, Cheng W, Wang Y, Tang T, Wang X., Free PMC Article

    10/16/2021
    Association of Gremlin-2 gene polymorphisms with osteoporosis risk in Chinese postmenopausal women.

    Association of Gremlin-2 gene polymorphisms with osteoporosis risk in Chinese postmenopausal women.
    Feng Y, Zhu L, Gu Y, Wang LJ, Niu BJ, Cai F, Chen L., Free PMC Article

    04/3/2021
    Grem2 increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and decreased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8

    Grem2 mediates podocyte apoptosis in high glucose milieu.
    Wen H, Kumar V, Mishra A, Song S, Aslam R, Hussain A, Wang H, Zhou X, He X, Wu G, Luo H, Lan X, Malhotra A, Singhal PC., Free PMC Article

    07/13/2019
    Significant associations were found between individual SNPs and SNP combinations in WNT10A, WNT10B and GREM2 SNPs with isolated tooth agenesis.

    Further evidence for the role of WNT10A, WNT10B and GREM2 as candidate genes for isolated tooth agenesis.
    Magruder S, Carter E, Williams MA, English J, Akyalcin S, Letra A.

    06/1/2019
    TT genotype of the rs4454537 polymorphism protective against the development of osteoporosis

    Association betweenGREM2 gene polymorphism with osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women.
    Kamiński A, Bogacz A, Uzar I, Czerny B.

    12/22/2018
    Our study confirmed that GREM2 is a candidate gene for tooth agenesis, which mutations can explain, however, only a small fraction of the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of this anomaly.

    GREM2 nucleotide variants and the risk of tooth agenesis.
    Mostowska A, Biedziak B, Zadurska M, Bogdanowicz A, Olszewska A, Cieślińska K, Firlej E, Jagodziński PP.

    11/17/2018
    Data show that the GREMLIN 2 (GREM2) expression during Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPS) cell cardiac differentiation follows the expression pattern of cardiac-specific genes.

    Coordinated Proliferation and Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Depend on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Regulation by GREMLIN 2.
    Bylund JB, Trinh LT, Awgulewitsch CP, Paik DT, Jetter C, Jha R, Zhang J, Nolan K, Xu C, Thompson TB, Kamp TJ, Hatzopoulos AK., Free PMC Article

    01/20/2018
    The structure of Grem2-GDF5 complex has revealed a number of key findings for DAN-family mediated BMP2 inhibition.

    Structure of Gremlin-2 in Complex with GDF5 Gives Insight into DAN-Family-Mediated BMP Antagonism.
    Nolan K, Kattamuri C, Rankin SA, Read RJ, Zorn AM, Thompson TB., Free PMC Article

    11/18/2017
    This study showed that si-Grem2 increased the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via the BMP-2/Smad/Runx2 pathway.

    Gremlin2 Suppression Increases the BMP-2-Induced Osteogenesis of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via the BMP-2/Smad/Runx2 Signaling Pathway.
    Wang CL, Xiao F, Wang CD, Zhu JF, Shen C, Zuo B, Wang H, Li D, Wang XY, Feng WJ, Li ZK, Hu GL, Zhang X, Chen XD.

    11/4/2017
    The present study shows that the Grem2 heparin/HS and BMP2-binding epitopes are unique and independent, where the Grem2-BMP2 complex exhibits a significant increase in binding affinity toward heparin moieties that appear to be partially independent of the Grem2 heparin/HS-binding epitope.

    Analysis and identification of the Grem2 heparin/heparan sulfate-binding motif.
    Kattamuri C, Nolan K, Thompson TB., Free PMC Article

    06/24/2017
    Gremlin 2 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling

    Gremlin 2 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
    Wu Q, Tang SG, Yuan ZM.

    07/2/2016
    mutations associated with tooth malformations

    GREMLIN 2 Mutations and Dental Anomalies.
    Kantaputra PN, Kaewgahya M, Hatsadaloi A, Vogel P, Kawasaki K, Ohazama A, Ketudat Cairns JR.

    04/16/2016
    GREM2 variants have been identified in atrial fibrillation cohort studies, demonstrating abnormalities in cardiac excitation - supra ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.

    Risk factors and genetics of atrial fibrillation.
    Anumonwo JM, Kalifa J.

    08/1/2015
    The minor allele of rs4454537 is significantly associated with low bone density at the total hip of southern Chinese people. Our study further suggests GREM2 as a novel susceptibility gene for osteoporosis.

    Genetic variants in GREM2 are associated with bone mineral density in a southern Chinese population.
    Cheung CL, Lau KS, Sham PC, Tan KC, Kung AW.

    11/16/2013
    Through regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling, GREM2 is required for cardiac laterality and atrial differentiation during embryonic development.

    Functional modeling in zebrafish demonstrates that the atrial-fibrillation-associated gene GREM2 regulates cardiac laterality, cardiomyocyte differentiation and atrial rhythm.
    Müller II, Melville DB, Tanwar V, Rybski WM, Mukherjee A, Shoemaker MB, Wang WD, Schoenhard JA, Roden DM, Darbar D, Knapik EW, Hatzopoulos AK., Free PMC Article

    09/14/2013
    and that a genetic variant in the FMN2/GREM2 locus influences GREM2 expression in osteoblasts and thereby trabecular number and thickness as well as fracture risk.

    Genetic determinants of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral densities and bone microstructure.
    Paternoster L, Lorentzon M, Lehtimäki T, Eriksson J, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Laaksonen M, Sievänen H, Viikari J, Lyytikäinen LP, Mellström D, Karlsson M, Ljunggren O, Grundberg E, Kemp JP, Sayers A, Nethander M, Evans DM, Vandenput L, Tobias JH, Ohlsson C., Free PMC Article

    06/15/2013
    Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)

    Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.
    Rose JE, Behm FM, Drgon T, Johnson C, Uhl GR., Free PMC Article

    06/30/2010
    Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)

    Follow-up examination of linkage and association to chromosome 1q43 in multiple sclerosis.
    McCauley JL, Zuvich RL, Bradford Y, Kenealy SJ, Schnetz-Boutaud N, Gregory SG, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Mortlock DP, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL., Free PMC Article

    09/20/2009
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