| Granzyme K- and amphiregulin-expressing cytotoxic T cells and activated extrafollicular B cells are potential drivers of IgG4-related disease. | Granzyme K- and amphiregulin-expressing cytotoxic T cells and activated extrafollicular B cells are potential drivers of IgG4-related disease.
Koga R, Maehara T, Aoyagi R, Munemura R, Murakami Y, Doi A, Kono M, Yamamoto H, Niiro H, Kiyoshima T, Tanabe M, Nakano T, Matsukuma Y, Kawano M, Stone JH, Pillai S, Nakamura S, Kawano S. | 04/8/2024 |
| High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE-2), transmembrane protease serine (TMPRSS), and P-selectin in platelets lead to thrombosis formation in COVID-19 patients. | High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE-2), transmembrane protease serine (TMPRSS), and P-selectin in platelets lead to thrombosis formation in COVID-19 patients.
Waggiallah HA, Eltayeb MM, Hjazi AM, Elmosaad YM. | 03/22/2024 |
| Granzyme K contributes to endothelial microvascular damage and leakage during skin inflammation. | Granzyme K contributes to endothelial microvascular damage and leakage during skin inflammation.
Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Boivin W, Zhao H, Pawluk MA, Richardson KC, Chandrabalan A, Bird P, Ramachandran R, Sehmi R, Lima H, Gauvreau G, Granville DJ. | 09/1/2023 |
| Human Granzyme K Is a Feature of Innate T Cells in Blood, Tissues, and Tumors, Responding to Cytokines Rather than TCR Stimulation. | Human Granzyme K Is a Feature of Innate T Cells in Blood, Tissues, and Tumors, Responding to Cytokines Rather than TCR Stimulation.
Duquette D, Harmon C, Zaborowski A, Michelet X, O'Farrelly C, Winter D, Koay HF, Lynch L. | 08/10/2023 |
| We here provide ex vivo evidence that CCR5highGZMK+CD4+ effector memory T cells are involved in immune surveillance during homeostasis, but could also play a role in pathology | Human CCR5high effector memory cells perform CNS parenchymal immune surveillance via GZMK-mediated transendothelial diapedesis.
Herich S, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Rohlmann A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Zondler L, Janoschka C, Ostkamp P, Richter J, Breuer J, Dimitrov S, Rammensee HG, Grauer OM, Klotz L, Gross CC, Stummer W, Missler M, Zarbock A, Vestweber D, Wiendl H, Schwab N. | 05/30/2020 |
| GzmK induced IL-6 expression in keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts that was dependent on PAR-1 activation. Re-epithelialization showed the greatest degree of improvement of all healing parameters, suggesting that keratinocytes are sensitive to GzmK-mediated proteolysis. In support, keratinocytes, but not skin fibroblasts, exposed to GzmK showed impaired wound healing in vitro | Granzyme K Expressed by Classically Activated Macrophages Contributes to Inflammation and Impaired Remodeling.
Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Richardson KC, Zhao H, Shen Y, Papp A, Bird PI, Granville DJ. | 04/4/2020 |
| Extracellular granzyme K mediates endothelial activation through the cleavage of PAR-1. | Extracellular granzyme K mediates endothelial activation through the cleavage of protease-activated receptor-1.
Sharma M, Merkulova Y, Raithatha S, Parkinson LG, Shen Y, Cooper D, Granville DJ. | 06/24/2017 |
| Carbamate pesticides significantly reduced the intracellular levels of perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and GRN in NK-92CI cells. | Effect of carbamate pesticides on perforin, granzymes A-B-3/K, and granulysin in human natural killer cells.
Li Q, Kobayashi M, Kawada T. | 04/8/2017 |
| Data indicate N-terminomics on the human and mouse granzymes A and K by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC). | Substrate specificities of the granzyme tryptases A and K.
Plasman K, Demol H, Bird PI, Gevaert K, Van Damme P. | 10/31/2015 |
| Extracellular GrK is an unexpected direct modulator of lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling during the antimicrobial innate immune response. | Granzyme K synergistically potentiates LPS-induced cytokine responses in human monocytes.
Wensink AC, Kemp V, Fermie J, García Laorden MI, van der Poll T, Hack CE, Bovenschen N., Free PMC Article | 06/21/2014 |
| Granzyme K plays an important physiological role in immunoregulation of adaptive immunity underlying the cytotoxicity of CD56(bright) natural killer (NK) cells toward activated T cells. | Unexpected role for granzyme K in CD56bright NK cell-mediated immunoregulation of multiple sclerosis.
Jiang W, Chai NR, Maric D, Bielekova B., Free PMC Article | 09/24/2011 |
| Gr3 proenzymes is activated by cathepsin C which concomitantly decreased the molecular weight to that of active Gr3. | Recombinant human progranzyme 3 expressed in Escherichia coli for analysis of its activation mechanism.
Hirata Y, Inagaki H, Kawada T. | 05/10/2010 |
| GrK not only constitutes a redundant functional backup mechanism that assists GrA-induced cell death but that it also displays a unique function by cleaving its own specific substrates. | Granzyme K displays highly restricted substrate specificity that only partially overlaps with granzyme A.
Bovenschen N, Quadir R, van den Berg AL, Brenkman AB, Vandenberghe I, Devreese B, Joore J, Kummer JA. | 01/21/2010 |
| p53 is as a cytotoxic bomb that can be triggered by granzyme K, leading to potentiating killing efficacy. | Ignition of p53 bomb sensitizes tumor cells to granzyme K-mediated cytolysis.
Hua G, Wang S, Zhong C, Xue P, Fan Z. | 01/21/2010 |
| Rsults indicate that plasma levels of Granzyme K could serve as a useful diagnostic marker to stage sepsis, permitting better classification, specific treatments of patients, and may play a functional role in the development of sepsis. | Altered levels and molecular forms of granzyme k in plasma from septic patients.
Rucevic M, Fast LD, Jay GD, Trespalcios FM, Sucov A, Siryaporn E, Lim YP. | 01/21/2010 |
| The present findings thus introduce the possibility that human beta-tryptase, after mast cell degranulation and exposure to neutral pH in the tissue, may dissociate into active monomers with properties that are distinct from the tetrameric counterpart. | Formation of active monomers from tetrameric human beta-tryptase.
Fajardo I, Pejler G., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| We found human GzmK triggers rapid cell death independently of caspase activation. The features of death are characterized by rapid externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear morphological changes and single-stranded DNA nicks. | Granzyme K cleaves the nucleosome assembly protein SET to induce single-stranded DNA nicks of target cells.
Zhao T, Zhang H, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Hua G, Lu H, Hou Q, Liu H, Fan Z. | 01/21/2010 |
| The 2.2-A crystal structure reveals a rigid zymogen with unusual features | The 2.2-A crystal structure of human pro-granzyme K reveals a rigid zymogen with unusual features.
Hink-Schauer C, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Wilharm E, Fuentes-Prior P, Klinkert W, Bode W, Jenne DE. | 01/21/2010 |
| GzmK-induced caspase-independent death occurs through Bid-dependent mitochondrial damage that is different from GzmA | Granzyme K directly processes bid to release cytochrome c and endonuclease G leading to mitochondria-dependent cell death.
Zhao T, Zhang H, Guo Y, Fan Z. | 01/21/2010 |