| These findings imply that a thrombin-pericyte interaction in the brain could be a significant mechanism responsible for blood-brain barrier dysfunction under obesity-associated diabetic conditions and thus could represent a therapeutic target for central nervous system complications of diabetes. | Contribution of thrombin-reactive brain pericytes to blood-brain barrier dysfunction in an in vivo mouse model of obesity-associated diabetes and an in vitro rat model.
Machida T, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Miyamura T, Hirata R, Kimura I, Kataoka Y, Dohgu S, Yamauchi A., Free PMC Article | 09/9/2017 |
| Study suggests a potent role for spinal thrombin and its activation of PAR1 in pain onset following neuropathic injury | The role of spinal thrombin through protease-activated receptor 1 in hyperalgesia after neural injury.
| 04/8/2017 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with production of prothrombin in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Thrombin in the DMV causes vagal neuron apoptosis and decreased sensitivity to neurotransmitters. | Thrombin mediates vagal apoptosis and dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease.
Fritze D, Zhang W, Li JY, Chai B, Mulholland M. | 04/11/2015 |
| Thrombin-induced overexpression of TGF-beta1 and activation of its downstream factors might be a mechanism of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. | Thrombin-induced TGF-β1 pathway: a cause of communicating hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Li T, Zhang P, Yuan B, Zhao D, Chen Y, Zhang X. | 07/13/2013 |
| These results suggest that thrombin triggers the generation of epileptic seizures by reducing the inhibitory and increasing the excitatory tone in CA3 neurons | Thrombin regulation of synaptic transmission: implications for seizure onset.
Maggio N, Cavaliere C, Papa M, Blatt I, Chapman J, Segal M. | 06/1/2013 |
| The contribution of cyclic stretch to vascular smooth muscle cell-supported thrombin generation is driven by the integrin alpha(v)beta(3) signalling pathway. | Cyclic stretch-induced thrombin generation by rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the integrin αvβ3 pathway.
Mao X, Said R, Louis H, Max JP, Bourhim M, Challande P, Wahl D, Li Z, Regnault V, Lacolley P. | 04/27/2013 |
| Thrombin positively regulates the expression of TSP-1 & TSP-2 in adjacent blood vessels after intracerebral hemorrhage. It may be involved in modulating angiogenesis in injured brains following ICH. | Thrombin promotes the expression of thrombospondin-1 and -2 in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Yang AL, Zhou HJ, Lin Y, Luo JK, Cui HJ, Tang T, Yang QD. | 04/20/2013 |
| Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion induced by thrombin was markedly attenuated in endothelial cells with creb-binding protein knockdown. | Down-regulation of CREB-binding protein expression blocks thrombin-mediated endothelial activation by inhibiting acetylation of NF-κB.
Chen J, Jiang H, Yang J, Chen SS, Xu L. | 09/15/2012 |
| These results indicate that thrombin activates autophagy in the brain | Thrombin-induced autophagy: a potential role in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Hu S, Xi G, Jin H, He Y, Keep RF, Hua Y., Free PMC Article | 02/25/2012 |
| Clotting factor derangement leading to impaired thrombin generation is the principle etiology of acute coagulopathy of trauma. | The acute coagulopathy of trauma is due to impaired initial thrombin generation but not clot formation or clot strength.
Harr JN, Moore EE, Wohlauer MV, Droz N, Fragoso M, Banerjee A, Silliman CC., Free PMC Article | 11/19/2011 |
| Thrombin activation of PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling promotes cyclin D1 upregulation and retinal pigment epithelium cell proliferation. | Thrombin activation of PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling promotes cyclin D1 upregulation and RPE cell proliferation.
Parrales A, López E, López-Colomé AM. | 11/12/2011 |
| Activation of urothelial PAR1 receptors, either by locally generated thrombin or proteases present in the urine, may mediate bladder inflammation by inducing urothelial MIF release and upregulating urothelial MIF expression | Thrombin induces macrophage migration inhibitory factor release and upregulation in urothelium: a possible contribution to bladder inflammation.
Vera PL, Wolfe TE, Braley AE, Meyer-Siegler KL., Free PMC Article | 07/9/2011 |
| Localization and expression of prothrombin in rodent osteoclasts and long bones. | Localization and expression of prothrombin in rodent osteoclasts and long bones.
Karlström E, Norgård M, Hultenby K, Somogyi-Ganss E, Sugars R, Andersson G, Wendel M. | 06/18/2011 |
| The direct thrombin inhibitor AR-H067637 inhibits thrombus formation in rat venous and arterial thrombosis models with no or minor increases in bleeding. | Evaluation of AR-H067637, the active metabolite of the new direct thrombin inhibitor AZD0837, in models of venous and arterial thrombosis and bleeding in anaesthetised rats.
Pehrsson S, Johansson K, Kjaer M, Elg M. | 03/26/2011 |
| In cerebellum, thrombin can activate PAR-1 expression after ICH, and PN-1 appears quickly after Intracerebral hemorrhage in order to control the deleterious effect of thrombin. | Expression of thrombin and its associated protein in cerebellum of human and rat after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Zhang ZY, Qi JP, Zhu H, Song YJ, Wu H, Jia Y, Zhang GM. | 02/5/2011 |
| brain endothelial cells can synthesize thrombin, which may have a role in Alzheimer's disease | Brain endothelial cells synthesize neurotoxic thrombin in Alzheimer's disease.
Yin X, Wright J, Wall T, Grammas P., Free PMC Article | 01/1/2011 |
| Report differential effects of TAK-442, a novel orally active direct factor Xa inhibitor, and ximelagatran, a thrombin inhibitor, on factor V-mediated feedback on coagulation cascade and bleeding. | Differential effects of TAK-442, a novel orally active direct factor Xa inhibitor, and ximelagatran, a thrombin inhibitor, on factor V-mediated feedback on coagulation cascade and bleeding.
Konishi N, Hiroe K, Kawamura M. | 12/11/2010 |
| in thrombin-induced apoptosis of cultured neurons, PGE2 release increases when COX-2 is absent, and is regulated by prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), a key enzyme that degrades PGE2. | Involvement of PGE2 and PGDH but not COX-2 in thrombin-induced cortical neuron apoptosis.
Thirumangalakudi L, Rao HV, Grammas P., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| These results suggest that decreases in G1-S regulators cyclin C and cdks 3, cdk2 and cdk1 in response to thrombin could make conditions unfavorable for S phase entry and favor neuronal apoptosis. | Cyclin C and cyclin dependent kinases 1, 2 and 3 in thrombin-induced neuronal cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
Rao HV, Thirumangalakudi L, Grammas P., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| demonstrated a novel role of thrombin: it stimulates the production of MCP-1 and MIP-2 by glomerular epithelial cells | Thrombin enhances the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells.
Fujita T, Yamabe H, Shimada M, Murakami R, Kumasaka R, Nakamura N, Osawa H, Okumura K. | 01/21/2010 |
| thrombin-induced ERK phosphorylation in the RPE, and the involvement of atypical PKCzeta in this process | PKC isoenzymes differentially modulate the effect of thrombin on MAPK-dependent RPE proliferation.
Palma-Nicolas JP, López E, López-Colomé AM. | 01/21/2010 |
| In vascular smooth muscle cells shedding of membrane-bound epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands and activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src contributed to the thrombin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. | The transactivated epidermal growth factor receptor recruits Pyk2 to regulate Src kinase activity.
Schauwienold D, Sastre AP, Genzel N, Schaefer M, Reusch HP. | 01/21/2010 |
| Mechanical stretch stimulates RhoA activation, but inhibits thrombin-induced RhoA activation. | Pulsatile equibiaxial stretch inhibits thrombin-induced RhoA and NF-kappaB activation.
Haga JH, Kaunas R, Radeff-Huang J, Weems JM, Estrada KD, Chien S, Brown JH, Seasholtz TM., Free PMC Article | 01/21/2010 |
| Thrombin exerts a segmentally differentiated effect on endothelial barrier function. | Thrombin enhances the barrier function of rat microvascular endothelium in a PAR-1-dependent manner.
Troyanovsky B, Alvarez DF, King JA, Schaphorst KL. | 01/21/2010 |
| brain thrombin activity was elevated after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion as was prothrombin messenger RNA expression | Thrombin exacerbates brain edema in focal cerebral ischemia.
Hua Y, Wu J, Keep RF, Hoff JT, Xi G. | 01/21/2010 |