TTL [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: TTL
Primary source: Araport:AT5G58220
Locus tag: AT5G58220
See related: TAIR:AT5G58220
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: allantoin synthase; ALNS; MCK7.9; MCK7_9; transthyretin-like protein
Summary: Encodes a transthyretin-like S-allantoin synthase protein that catalyzes two steps in the allantoin biosynthesis pathway by acting as a hydroxyisourate hydrolase and a 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) decarboxylase. Two alternatively spliced versions of the transcript give rise to a longer peroxisomally-targeted protein (AT5G58220.1 (called TTL1-)) and a slightly shorter cytoplasmic protein (AT5G58220.3 (called TTL2-)). Both have roughly equivalent enzymatic activity in vitro, but, allantoin biosynthesis is believed to occur in the peroxisome suggesting that the cytosolic form may participate in a different process.
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Genomic context

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Location:: chromosome: 5

Exon count:: 4

Sequence:: Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (23554386..23556001, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003076.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

TRANSTHYRETIN-LIKE and BYPASS1-LIKE co-regulate growth and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Title: TRANSTHYRETIN-LIKE and BYPASS1-LIKE co-regulate growth and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Recombinant TTL from Arabidopsis thaliana catalyzes two enzymatic reactions leading to the stereoselective formation of S-allantoin.
Title: Conserved alternative splicing of Arabidopsis transthyretin-like determines protein localization and S-allantoin synthesis in peroxisomes.
TTL protein is a tetrameric bifunctional enzyme which has 5-HIU hydrolase and OHCU decarboxylase activities.
Title: Functional characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana transthyretin-like protein.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_001037016.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_001037017.3

Supported by ESTs:

NM_125207.5

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within allantoin biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in allantoin biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within_negative_effect cold acclimation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein tetramerization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within_negative_effect regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within_negative_effect regulation of seedling development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to brassinosteroid	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in urate catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in peroxisome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in peroxisome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: transthyretin-like protein

NP_001032093.1

transthyretin-like protein (TTL); INVOLVED IN: regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus, brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway, protein homotetramerization; LOCATED IN: extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane, peroxisome; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Bifunctional hydroxyisourate hydrolase/2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (InterPro:IPR017129), Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (InterPro:IPR018020), Transthyretin/hydroxyisourate hydrolase (InterPro:IPR000895); Has 2681 Blast hits to 2681 proteins in 772 species: Archae - 6; Bacteria - 1799; Metazoa - 178; Fungi - 100; Plants - 58; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 540 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_001032094.1

transthyretin-like protein (TTL); FUNCTIONS IN: 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase activity, hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity; INVOLVED IN: regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus, brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway, protein homotetramerization; LOCATED IN: cytosol, extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane, peroxisome; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Bifunctional hydroxyisourate hydrolase/2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (InterPro:IPR017129), Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (InterPro:IPR018020), Hydroxyisourate hydrolase (InterPro:IPR014306), Transthyretin/hydroxyisourate hydrolase (InterPro:IPR000895); Has 3236 Blast hits to 3236 proteins in 817 species: Archae - 6; Bacteria - 1906; Metazoa - 529; Fungi - 103; Plants - 58; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 634 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_200630.1

transthyretin-like protein (TTL); FUNCTIONS IN: 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase activity, hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity; INVOLVED IN: regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus, brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway, protein homotetramerization, allantoin biosynthetic process; LOCATED IN: extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane, peroxisome; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Bifunctional hydroxyisourate hydrolase/2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (InterPro:IPR017129), Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (InterPro:IPR018020), Hydroxyisourate hydrolase (InterPro:IPR014306), Transthyretin/hydroxyisourate hydrolase (InterPro:IPR000895); Has 1807 Blast hits to 1807 proteins in 277 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 0; Metazoa - 736; Fungi - 347; Plants - 385; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 339 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

Range

23554386..23556001 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001037017.3 → NP_001032094.1 transthyretin-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001032094.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UFN9, D8V0F4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd05822
Location:191 → 311

TLP_HIUase; HIUase (5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase) catalyzes the second step in a three-step ureide pathway in which 5-hydroxyisourate (HIU), a product of the uricase (urate oxidase) reaction, is hydrolyzed to 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU). ...

cl01251
Location:13 → 160

OHCU_decarbox; OHCU decarboxylase
NM_125207.5 → NP_200630.1 transthyretin-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_200630.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q2V2X6, Q2V2X7, Q9LVM5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UEF0, A0A5S9YF93, A0A654GCJ3, D8V0F3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00576
Location:206 → 323

Transthyretin; HIUase/Transthyretin family

cl01251
Location:13 → 160

OHCU_decarbox; OHCU decarboxylase
NM_001037016.2 → NP_001032093.1 transthyretin-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001032093.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UFN9, D8V0F4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl01251
Location:13 → 160

OHCU_decarbox; OHCU decarboxylase

cl21470
Location:173 → 286

Peptidase_M14NE-CP-C_like; Peptidase associated domain: C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase; putative folding, regulation, or interaction domain