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    ACL5 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 832073, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ACL5
    Official Full Name
    S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT5G19530
    Locus tag
    AT5G19530
    See related
    Araport:AT5G19530
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ACAULIS 5; SPERMINE SYNTHASE; T20D1.50; T20D1_50
    Summary
    Encodes a spermine synthase. Required for internode elongation and vascular development, specifically in the mechanism that defines the boundaries between veins and nonvein regions. This mechanism may be mediated by polar auxin transport. Though ACL5 has been shown to function as a spermine synthase in E. coli, an ACL5 knockout has no effect on the endogenous levels of free and conjugated polyamines in Arabidopsis, suggesting that ACL5 may have a very specific or altogether different in vivo function.
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    Genomic context

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    See ACL5 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 5
    Exon count:
    10
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (6588771..6591363, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene transferases/nucleotidyltransferase Neighboring gene Histone superfamily protein Neighboring gene Tryptophan/tyrosine permease Neighboring gene Translation elongation factor EF1B/ribosomal protein S6 family protein Neighboring gene mechanosensitive channel of small conductance-like 9 Neighboring gene thermosome subunit gamma Neighboring gene aspartate aminotransferase 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003076.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Thermospermine is required for stem elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Kakehi J, et al. Plant Cell Physiol, 2008 Sep. PMID 18669523
    2. ACAULIS5 controls Arabidopsis xylem specification through the prevention of premature cell death. Muñiz L, et al. Development, 2008 Aug. PMID 18599510
    3. Arabidopsis thickvein mutation affects vein thickness and organ vascularization, and resides in a provascular cell-specific spermine synthase involved in vein definition and in polar auxin transport. Clay NK, et al. Plant Physiol, 2005 Jun. PMID 15894745, Free PMC Article
    4. ACAULIS5, an Arabidopsis gene required for stem elongation, encodes a spermine synthase. Hanzawa Y, et al. EMBO J, 2000 Aug 15. PMID 10944107, Free PMC Article
    5. ACL5: an Arabidopsis gene required for internodal elongation after flowering. Hanzawa Y, et al. Plant J, 1997 Oct. PMID 9375398

    See all (8) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Thermospermine is produced through the action of ACL5 and required for stem elongation. Excess amounts of thermospermine had inhibitory effects on plant growth.
      Title: Thermospermine is required for stem elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    2. ACL5 has a prominent role in the correct specification of xylem cells through its action on the duration of xylem element differentiation. [ACAULIS 5] [ACL5]
      Title: ACAULIS5 controls Arabidopsis xylem specification through the prevention of premature cell death.
    3. Results suggest a model in which ACL5 plays a role in the translational activation of SAC51, which may lead to the expression of a subset of genes required for stem elongation.
      Title: The dwarf phenotype of the Arabidopsis acl5 mutant is suppressed by a mutation in an upstream ORF of a bHLH gene.
    4. Putative spermine synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana could be identified as thermospermine synthases.
      Title: Putative spermine synthases from Thalassiosira pseudonana and Arabidopsis thaliana synthesize thermospermine rather than spermine.
    5. The thickvein mutation that affects vein thickness, was found to reside in the ACL5 gene, which encodes a spermine synthase and whose expression is specific to provascular cells. [ACL5]
      Title: Arabidopsis thickvein mutation affects vein thickness and organ vascularization, and resides in a provascular cell-specific spermine synthase involved in vein definition and in polar auxin transport.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    NM_001085136.1
    NM_121958.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables spermine synthase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables thermospermine synthase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within auxin polar transport IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phloem or xylem histogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within unidimensional cell growth IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within xylem vessel member cell differentiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein
    NP_001078605.1
    • ACAULIS 5 (ACL5); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Spermine synthase (InterPro:IPR001045); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: spermidine synthase 1 (TAIR:AT1G23820.1); Has 4823 Blast hits to 4823 proteins in 1442 species: Archae - 170; Bacteria - 2608; Metazoa - 258; Fungi - 194; Plants - 443; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 1150 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_568376.1
    • ACAULIS 5 (ACL5); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Spermine synthase (InterPro:IPR001045); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: spermidine synthase 1 (TAIR:AT1G23820.1); Has 30201 Blast hits to 17322 proteins in 780 species: Archae - 12; Bacteria - 1396; Metazoa - 17338; Fungi - 3422; Plants - 5037; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 2996 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      6588771..6591363 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_121958.4 → NP_568376.1  S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_568376.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8MSC8, C0Z321, Q8VWK6, Q8W3K7, Q8W3K8, Q8W3K9, Q9S7X6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178US87, A0A5S9Y5J9, A0A654G2M5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02823
      Location:4 → 338
      PLN02823; spermine synthase

    2. NM_001085136.1 → NP_001078605.1  S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001078605.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178US87, A0A5S9Y5J9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02823
      Location:1 → 331
      PLN02823; spermine synthase
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9S7X6.1

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