Myocd myocardin [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 246297, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol: Myocdprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: myocardinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:631347
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000003669 AllianceGenome:RGD:631347
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Mycd
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including R-SMAD binding activity; enzyme binding activity; and transcription coactivator activity. Involved in several processes, including cardiocyte differentiation; hepatic stellate cell activation; and positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of protein-DNA complex. Used to study congenital heart disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in congenital megabladder and dilated cardiomyopathy. Orthologous to human MYOCD (myocardin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Heart (RPKM 74.8), Uterus (RPKM 19.6) and 2 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Myocd in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 10q24

Exon count:: 15

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (50332356..50426819, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (49833219..49928806, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (51682053..51781458, complement)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CARMN Is an Evolutionarily Conserved Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific LncRNA That Maintains Contractile Phenotype by Binding Myocardin.
Title: CARMN Is an Evolutionarily Conserved Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific LncRNA That Maintains Contractile Phenotype by Binding Myocardin.
Myocardin and myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) are upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells and are closely associated with robustly increased actin cytoskeleton remodeling.
Title: Myocardin and myocardin-related transcription factor-A synergistically mediate actin cytoskeletal-dependent inhibition of liver fibrogenesis.
mhrt and myocardin form a regulation loop in the process of cardiac hypertrophy.
Title: The mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy regulated by the interaction between mhrt and myocardin.
Explored whether and how the two factors pdx-1 and myocardin affected the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into insulin-producing cells. In this study, we investigated the process of transfecting myocardin and/or pdx-1 in MSCs in vitro. The results showed that MSCs were able to secrete insulin after cotransfection with myocardin and pdx-1.
Title: The Synergy of Two Factors on Insulin Expression.
Study demonstrates myocardin's role in upregulation of actins thru promoter regions in hepatic myofibroblasts. Myocardin-stimulated Smad2 phosphorylation and RhoA expression led to increased expression of type 1 collagen.
Title: Upregulation of the actin cytoskeleton via myocardin leads to increased expression of type 1 collagen.
SRF/myocardin pathway acts as a pivotal mediator of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells mechanical properties and plays a central role in the pathological aortic stiffening in hypertension.
Title: Inhibition of SRF/myocardin reduces aortic stiffness by targeting vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening in hypertension.
Testosterone modulates serum response factor/myocardin signaling pathway to restore the differentiated phenotype of smooth muscle cells.
Title: Testosterone Rescues the De-Differentiation of Smooth Muscle Cells Through Serum Response Factor/Myocardin.
Data show that advanced glycation end products (AGE) downregulated myocardin expression and activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (RAGE).
Title: Advanced glycation end products interfere with gastric smooth muscle contractile marker expression via the AGE/RAGE/NF-κB pathway.
results suggest a novel mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of LTCC alpha1C by synergistic activities of NFATc4 and myocardin in ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Title: NFATc4 and myocardin synergistically up-regulate the expression of LTCC α1C in ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
results demonstrated that PKCalpha inhibits myocardin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the promotion of myocardin phosphorylation
Title: Protein kinase Cα inhibits myocardin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the promotion of myocardin phosphorylation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (34)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH133589 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:216872

D10Rat62 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:118200

PMC309615P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272593

PMC150745P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271101

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables R-SMAD binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables R-SMAD binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone acetyltransferase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone acetyltransferase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone deacetylase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone deacetylase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription coactivator activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables transcription coactivator activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transcription coactivator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cardiac muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cardiac ventricle development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cardiac ventricle development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular component maintenance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular component maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to angiotensin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within chromatin organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in digestive tract development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within digestive tract development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in ductus arteriosus closure	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within ductus arteriosus closure	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in hepatic stellate cell activation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in lung alveolus development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lung alveolus development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of myotube differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of myotube differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of myoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of myoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of phenotypic switching	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of phenotypic switching	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to muscle stretch	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in smooth muscle cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in smooth muscle cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within smooth muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in smooth muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in urinary bladder development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within urinary bladder development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in urinary bladder development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in uterus development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within uterus development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vasculogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within vasculogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in chromatin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
part_of protein-DNA complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: myocardin

Names: transcription factor myocardin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001414232.2 → NP_001401161.1 myocardin isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000010

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0G2K4C5

Related

ENSRNOP00000072988.1, ENSRNOT00000078675.3
NM_182667.4 → NP_872608.1 myocardin isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_872608.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000010

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q7M6Y4, Q8R5I7, Q8R5I8

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZYX5

Related

ENSRNOP00000054372.2, ENSRNOT00000057562.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00707
Location:106 → 131

RPEL; Repeat in Drosophila CG10860, human KIAA0680 and C. elegans F26H9.2

pfam02037
Location:383 → 416

SAP; SAP domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086028.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

50332356..50426819 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006246583.5 → XP_006246645.1 myocardin isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZYX5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00707
Location:27 → 52

RPEL; Repeat in Drosophila CG10860, human KIAA0680 and C. elegans F26H9.2

pfam02037
Location:304 → 337

SAP; SAP domain