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    ULK2 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 9706, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ULK2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:13480
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000083290 MIM:608650; AllianceGenome:HGNC:13480
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ATG1B; Unc51.2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a protein that is similar to a serine/threonine kinase in C. elegans which is involved in axonal elongation. The structure of this protein is similar to the C. elegans protein in that both proteins have an N-terminal kinase domain, a central proline/serine rich (PS) domain, and a C-terminal (C) domain. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]
    Expression
    Broad expression in testis (RPKM 16.5), brain (RPKM 7.4) and 21 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See ULK2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17p11.2
    Exon count:
    28
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (19770830..19867936, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (19719468..19816591, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (19674143..19771249, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8298 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19648320-19649287 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11861 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19656044-19657243 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8299 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11862 Neighboring gene aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19662710-19663247 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19665775-19666275 Neighboring gene TBC1 domain family member 25 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11864 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904110 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19770366-19770874 Neighboring gene tRNA-Gly (anticodon CCC) 3-1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19801345-19801846 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19801847-19802346 Neighboring gene A-kinase anchoring protein 10 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8302 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19881511-19882224 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19890363-19891159 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19896026-19896559 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19898031-19898532 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19898533-19899032 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19911474-19912041 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8303 Neighboring gene SPECC1 divergent transcript

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. ULK2 Is a Key Pro-Autophagy Protein That Contributes to the High Chemoresistance and Disease Relapse in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Lai J, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2024 Jan 4. PMID 38203816, Free PMC Article
    2. Uncoordinated 51-like kinase 2 signaling pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 lung cancer cells. Kim YH, et al. FEBS Lett, 2016 May. PMID 27062295
    3. Methylation silencing of ULK2 via epithelial-mesenchymal transition causes transformation to poorly differentiated gastric cancers. Motoo I, et al. Gastric Cancer, 2022 Mar. PMID 34554345
    4. Association between Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Korean population. Kang WS, et al. Medicine (Baltimore), 2022 Feb 4. PMID 35119028, Free PMC Article
    5. Methylation silencing of ULK2, an autophagy gene, is essential for astrocyte transformation and tumor growth. Shukla S, et al. J Biol Chem, 2014 Aug 8. PMID 24923441, Free PMC Article

    See all (55) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Inhibition of ULK1/2 and KRAS[G12C] controls tumor growth in preclinical models of lung cancer.
      Title: Inhibition of ULK1/2 and KRAS(G12C) controls tumor growth in preclinical models of lung cancer.
    2. ULK2 Is a Key Pro-Autophagy Protein That Contributes to the High Chemoresistance and Disease Relapse in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
      Title: ULK2 Is a Key Pro-Autophagy Protein That Contributes to the High Chemoresistance and Disease Relapse in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
    3. An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration.
      Title: An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration.
    4. CircARHGAP12 Triggers Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Autophagy to Facilitate its Effect on Repairing Diabetic Wounds by Sponging miR-301b-3p/ATG16L1 and miR-301b-3p/ULK2.
      Title: CircARHGAP12 Triggers Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Autophagy to Facilitate its Effect on Repairing Diabetic Wounds by Sponging miR-301b-3p/ATG16L1 and miR-301b-3p/ULK2.
    5. Methylation silencing of ULK2 via epithelial-mesenchymal transition causes transformation to poorly differentiated gastric cancers.
      Title: Methylation silencing of ULK2 via epithelial-mesenchymal transition causes transformation to poorly differentiated gastric cancers.
    6. Association between Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Korean population.
      Title: Association between Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Korean population.
    7. PKClambda/iota inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis.
      Title: PKCλ/ι inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis.
    8. Long noncoding RNA growth arrestspecific 5 (GAS5) acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting autophagy in breast cancer.
      Title: Long non‑coding RNA growth arrest‑specific 5 (GAS5) acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting autophagy in breast cancer.
    9. ULK complex organization in autophagy by a C-shaped FIP200 N-terminal domain dimer.
      Title: ULK complex organization in autophagy by a C-shaped FIP200 N-terminal domain dimer.
    10. Coxsackievirus infection induces a non-canonical autophagy independent of the ULK and PI3K complexes.
      Title: Coxsackievirus infection induces a non-canonical autophagy independent of the ULK and PI3K complexes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • KIAA0623

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in autophagosome assembly IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in autophagy IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in autophagy IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in axon extension IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in axon guidance IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chromatin remodeling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in collateral sprouting IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in mitophagy IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of collateral sprouting IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein autophosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein localization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of autophagy IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to starvation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to starvation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in reticulophagy IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in somatic sensory system development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in autophagosome IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in phagophore assembly site IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in phagophore assembly site membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in phagophore assembly site membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2
    NP_001136082.1
    NP_055498.3
    XP_016880914.1
    XP_047293103.1
    XP_047293104.1
    XP_054173938.1
    XP_054173939.1
    XP_054173940.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_047113.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4991..102097
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001142610.2 → NP_001136082.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001136082.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB014523, AC015726, AK314345, AL080134, BC034988, BC039310, DA105030
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11213.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8MY69, O75119, Q8IYT8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KUZ9
      Related
      ENSP00000354877.2, ENST00000361658.6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:9 → 271
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14201
      Location:2 → 272
      STKc_ULK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 2
      pfam12063
      Location:864 → 1029
      DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)

    2. NM_014683.4 → NP_055498.3  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_055498.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB014523, AC005722, AC015726, AK314345, AL080134, BC034988, BC039310, DA105030
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11213.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8MY69, O75119, Q8IYT8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KUZ9
      Related
      ENSP00000378914.4, ENST00000395544.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00220
      Location:9 → 271
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14201
      Location:2 → 272
      STKc_ULK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 2
      pfam12063
      Location:864 → 1029
      DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      19770830..19867936 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047437147.1 → XP_047293103.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2

    2. XM_017025425.3 → XP_016880914.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KUZ9

    3. XM_047437148.1 → XP_047293104.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X3

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      19719468..19816591 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054317964.1 → XP_054173939.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2

    2. XM_054317963.1 → XP_054173938.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1

    3. XM_054317965.1 → XP_054173940.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X3

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q8IYT8.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8IYT8

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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