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    TRG T cell receptor gamma locus [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 6965, updated on 17-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TRGprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    T cell receptor gamma locusprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:12271
    See related
    AllianceGenome:HGNC:12271
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    TCRG; TRG@
    Summary
    T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the gamma chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random addition of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments of the gamma locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. Somatic rearrangement of the gamma locus has been observed in T cells derived from patients with T cell leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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    Genomic context

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    See TRG in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    7p14.1
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (38240024..38368055, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (38380942..38524936, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (38279625..38407656, complement)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375236 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak6492 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak6493 silencer Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:38110217-38110835 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18108 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:38214547-38215746 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25864 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18109 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13548 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25865 Neighboring gene STARD3 N-terminal like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25866 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak6494 silencer Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma constant 2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma joining P2 Neighboring gene coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 pseudogene Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma joining 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18110 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma constant 1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma joining P1 Neighboring gene TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma joining 1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma joining P Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 11 (non-functional) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25867 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 10 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable B (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25869 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25868 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25870 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25871 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15414 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 9 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable A (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma locus antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98536 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98538 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25872 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancers experimental_98539 and experimental_98540 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 8 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98545 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 7 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 5P (pseudogene) Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98547 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 6 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98548 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98550 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 5 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 4 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor gamma variable 1 (non-functional) Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr7:38473600-38473818 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98556 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98558 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98567 Neighboring gene amphiphysin Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98569 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98573 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 25873 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98575/98576 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98581 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98586 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98589 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98595 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98599 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_98607 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 83, pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:38629347-38629908 Neighboring gene keratin 8 pseudogene 20

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Genetic organization of the human T cell receptor gamma locus. Lefranc MP, et al. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 1991. PMID 1655357
    2. Molecular mapping of the human T cell receptor gamma (TRG) genes and linkage of the variable and constant regions. Lefranc MP, et al. Eur J Immunol, 1989 Jun. PMID 2526744
    3. An aggressive systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma clonally related to a preceding T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Perez-Becker R, et al. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2011 May. PMID 20848640
    4. T-cell receptor gamma: a microsatellite marker for colorectal cancer. Uthoff SM, et al. Ann Surg Oncol, 2002 Jan-Feb. PMID 11833498
    5. Clinicopathological features and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement findings of mycosis fungoides in patients younger than age 20 years. Kim ST, et al. J Dermatol, 2009 Jul. PMID 19583687

    See all (58) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Memory and naive gamma delta regulatory T-cell gene expression in the first 24-weeks of peanut oral immunotherapy.
      Title: Memory and naïve gamma delta regulatory T-cell gene expression in the first 24-weeks of peanut oral immunotherapy.
    2. This study investigated the proportion, phenotype and T cell receptor gamma and delta repertoires of gamma delata T cells at the maternalfetal interface and in the blood of pregnant women. The study found an enrichment of activated and terminally differentiated pro-inflammatory gamma delta T-cell effectors with specific location in the human decidua during early pregnancy.
      Title: Early Pregnancy Human Decidua is Enriched with Activated, Fully Differentiated and Pro-Inflammatory Gamma/Delta T Cells with Diverse TCR Repertoires.
    3. Studies indicate that gamma/delta T cells (gammadelta T cells) can be 'developmentally programmed' in the thymus to generate discrete gammadelta T cell effector subsets with distinctive molecular signatures.
      Title: Thymic Determinants of γδ T Cell Differentiation.
    4. Vgamma9Vdelta2 TCR activation is modulated by the GTPase activity of RhoB and its redistribution to BTN3A1.
      Title: RhoB Mediates Phosphoantigen Recognition by Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Receptor.
    5. Studies indicate that gammadelta TCR (gammadelta) T-cells play an essential role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines to the injury site after burn.
      Title: The Role of Th-17 Cells and γδ T-Cells in Modulating the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Severe Burn Injury.
    6. The nanobodies (VHHs) are useful for flow cytometry, magnetic-activated cell sorting and immunocytochemistry to study Vgamma9Vdelta2-T cells.
      Title: Highly specific and potently activating Vγ9Vδ2-T cell specific nanobodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
    7. Data indicate the expression of a chimeric T-cell receptor alpha beta (alphabeta TCR) harboring the immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain of T-cell receptor gamma delta (gammadelta TCR) in Jurkat T cells.
      Title: [Homology modeling and eukaryotic expression of a modified αβ TCR harboring the immunoglobulin-like domain of γδ TCR].
    8. Data indicate that gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system in the female reproductive tract.
      Title: Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study.
    9. Gamma-delta T cells and their corresponding T cell receptors hold pomise for cancer immunotherapy. (Review)
      Title: The promise of γδ T cells and the γδ T cell receptor for cancer immunotherapy.
    10. T cell receptor delta gamma + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are developmentally the prominent IEL subtype in the immature murine and human gut.
      Title: Small intestinal intraepithelial TCRγδ+ T lymphocytes are present in the premature intestine but selectively reduced in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (45)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Other Names

    • T-cell antigen receptor, gamma polypeptide
    • T-cell rearranging gene, gamma
    • T-cell receptor, gamma cluster
    • TCRG, TRG@

    General protein information

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    Names
    T cell receptor gamma locus
    T-cell antigen receptor, gamma polypeptide
    T-cell rearranging gene, gamma
    T-cell receptor, gamma cluster
    TCRG, TRG@

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_001336.2 

      Range
      5893..133924
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      38240024..38368055 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      38380942..38524936 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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