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    Glrx glutaredoxin [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

    Gene ID: 64045, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Glrxprovided by RGD
    Official Full Name
    glutaredoxinprovided by RGD
    Primary source
    RGD:70951
    See related
    EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000012183 AllianceGenome:RGD:70951
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
    Also known as
    Grx; Glrx1
    Summary
    Enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to estradiol stimulus; positive regulation of secretion by cell; and regulation of signal transduction. Located in dendrite and neuronal cell body. Biomarker of obesity and transient cerebral ischemia. Orthologous to human GLRX (glutaredoxin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 173.1), Liver (RPKM 153.8) and 9 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See Glrx in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2q11
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 2 NC_086020.1 (7073737..7083548)
    RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 2 NC_051337.1 (5341873..5351686)
    106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 2 NC_005101.4 (2606032..2615944)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_086020.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2 Neighboring gene integrin subunit beta 3 binding protein, pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase kappa 1-like Neighboring gene Rho-related BTB domain containing 3 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA17 Neighboring gene spermatogenesis associated 9 Neighboring gene Rieske (Fe-S) domain containing

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
    • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
    • BioProject: PRJNA238328
    • Publication: PMID 24510058
    • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. S-Glutathionylation of hepatic and visceral adipose proteins decreases in obese rats. Picklo MJ Sr, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2013 Feb. PMID 23404913, Free PMC Article
    2. Localization of glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in the rat brain and possible functional implications during focal ischemia. Takagi Y, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1999 May 10. PMID 10329397
    3. Site-directed mutagenesis of rat thioltransferase: effects of essential cysteine residues for the protection against oxidative stress. Terada T, et al. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2010 Jan-Feb. PMID 20175144
    4. Functional glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) activity in rat brain and liver mitochondria. Ehrhart J, et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2002 Sep. PMID 12217626
    5. Glutaredoxin-1 mediates NADPH-dependent stimulation of calcium-dependent insulin secretion. Reinbothe TM, et al. Mol Endocrinol, 2009 Jun. PMID 19299446, Free PMC Article

    See all (29) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Grx1 decreases by ~40% in 2-yr-old Fischer 344 rat hearts vs 6-mo-old controls. Grx1 knockdown in H9c2 cardiomyocytes increases apoptosis, & decreases NFkappaB transcription,& production of Bcl-2 & Bcl-xL.
      Title: Glutaredoxin regulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via NFkappaB targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL: implications for cardiac aging.
    2. study reports Cys23 of thioltransferase is an essential residue for catalytic activity & the other Cys26 is also important but Cys79 & Cys83 were not essential; for protection of cells from oxidative stress active thioltransferase is essential
      Title: Site-directed mutagenesis of rat thioltransferase: effects of essential cysteine residues for the protection against oxidative stress.
    3. The role of GRX-1 in NADPH-stimulated beta-cell exocytosis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, is reported.
      Title: Glutaredoxin-1 mediates NADPH-dependent stimulation of calcium-dependent insulin secretion.
    4. NO increased the S-glutathiolation of SERCA, and adenoviral overexpression of glutaredoxin-1 prevented both the HNO-stimulated oxidative modification of SERCA and its activation.
      Title: Nitroxyl activates SERCA in cardiac myocytes via glutathiolation of cysteine 674.
    5. interleukin-6 increased Grx1 and ICAM-1 in the rMC-1 cells.
      Title: Glutaredoxin regulates autocrine and paracrine proinflammatory responses in retinal glial (muller) cells.
    6. The presence of enzyme activity in subcellular organelles in brain and liver and in mitochondria demonstrates functional glutaredoxin activity.
      Title: Functional glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) activity in rat brain and liver mitochondria.
    7. Glutaredoxin exerts an antiapoptotic effect by regulating the redox state of Akt
      Title: Glutaredoxin exerts an antiapoptotic effect by regulating the redox state of Akt.
    8. NADPH/glutaredoxin/thioredoxin redox regulation mediates a novel signaling pathway of nutrient-induced insulin secretion.
      Title: Redox control of exocytosis: regulatory role of NADPH, thioredoxin, and glutaredoxin.
    9. role of Grx in the maintenance of functional oocytes and in luteal cells surviving the regression process
      Title: Expression of glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in the rat ovary during the oestrous cycle and postnatal development.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables sodium channel regulator activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular response to estradiol stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in ovulation cycle process IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of exocytosis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of membrane potential ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to ischemia IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in dendrite IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in neuronal cell body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    glutaredoxin-1
    Names
    TTase-1
    glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)
    glutaredoxin 1 (thioltransferase)
    thioltransferase-1
    NP_071614.1
    XP_038958961.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_022278.1 → NP_071614.1  glutaredoxin-1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_071614.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      AF167981
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q99PB7, Q9ESH6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6I4F1
      Related
      ENSRNOP00000016372.2, ENSRNOT00000016372.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR02180
      Location:15 → 99
      GRX_euk; Glutaredoxin

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCr8

    Genomic

    1. NC_086020.1 Reference GRCr8

      Range
      7073737..7083548
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_039103033.2 → XP_038958961.1  glutaredoxin-1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q99PB7, Q9ESH6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6I4F1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR02180
      Location:15 → 99
      GRX_euk; Glutaredoxin
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9ESH6.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9ESH6

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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