Ccnd2 cyclin D2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Ccnd2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: cyclin D2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:621083
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000076926 AllianceGenome:RGD:621083
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables protein kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to ketone; cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus; and positive regulation of cell population proliferation. Predicted to be located in chromatin; cytosol; and nucleus. Predicted to be part of cyclin D2-CDK4 complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm; microtubule organizing center; and nucleus. Used to study transitional cell carcinoma. Biomarker of colon cancer; glaucoma; impotence; nephritis; and renovascular hypertension. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including breast cancer (multiple); carcinoma (multiple); ductal carcinoma in situ; hepatitis B; and liver cancer (multiple). Orthologous to human CCND2 (cyclin D2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Oct 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Heart (RPKM 875.8), Adrenal (RPKM 824.1) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q42

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (161653048..161675422, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (159966883..159989261, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (159674885..159697207, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

this study demonstrated that high glucose concentration induces cyclin D2 up-regulation and miR-98 down-regulation in the rat aortic endothelial cells.
Title: High glucose concentration induces endothelial cell proliferation by regulating cyclin-D2-related miR-98.
Activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, increased phosphorylation of c-myc and significantly increased expression of cyclin D2 protein, are demonstrated.
Title: Redox regulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycling via an ERK1/2 and c-Myc-dependent activation of cyclin D2 transcription.
FSH acutely regulated CCND2 expression through both PKA and PI3K signaling pathways during granulosa cell proliferation and also accelerated its ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation.
Title: Regulation of cyclin D2 expression and degradation by follicle-stimulating hormone during rat granulosa cell proliferation in vitro.
Tax-induced cell-cycle progression in T cells is mediated, at least in part, through cell-type-specific activation of the cyclin D2 and cdk6 genes through NF-kappaB and may be important for the cell-type-specific oncogenesis.
Title: Activation of the cyclin D2 and cdk6 genes through NF-kappaB is critical for cell-cycle progression induced by HTLV-I Tax.
Data support the conclusion that the activation of Akt by ANP or 8-Br-cGMP promotes cyclin D2, PDX-1, and glucokinase transcription by phosphorylating and restricting Foxo1a activity.
Title: Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes pancreatic islet beta-cell growth and Akt/Foxo1a/cyclin D2 signaling.
FSH promotes granulosa cell proliferation by increasing cyclin D2 mRNA expression and by reducing p27 kip expression by inhibiting AMPK activation through an Akt-dependent pathway.
Title: Follicle-stimulating hormone inhibits adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and promotes cell proliferation of primary granulosa cells in culture through an Akt-dependent pathway.
Distinct mechanisms keep cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 from activating cell cycle in terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes.
Title: Differential regulation of cyclin D1 and D2 in protecting against cardiomyocyte proliferation.
Inhibitory effect of stanolone on insulin-stimulated granulosa cell proliferation occurs early in the signaling pathway at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation and inhibition of cyclin D2 mRNA expression.
Title: Dihydrotestosterone inhibits insulin-stimulated cyclin D2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rat ovarian granulosa cells by reducing the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1.
These results suggest that p75NTR suppresses cyclin D2 expression in PC12 cells by a mechanism distinct from its function as a nerve growth factor receptor and that cyclin D2 expression decreases cell culture and xenografted tumor growth.
Title: p75NTR enhances PC12 cell tumor growth by a non-receptor mechanism involving downregulation of cyclin D2.
liver development is associated with a switch from cyclin D2/D3-containing complexes to cyclin D1:cyclin-dependent kinase 4 complexes
Title: D-type cyclins and G1 progression during liver development in the rat.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D4Wox47 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518765

Ccnd2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531328

Ccnd2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141257

Ccnd2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141258

UniSTS:141259 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:141259

Ccnd2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141259

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within adult locomotory behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to X-ray	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to growth hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to testosterone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in liver development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within long-term memory	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ovarian follicle development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of neuron differentiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cAMP	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estradiol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estrogen	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to follicle-stimulating hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to human chorionic gonadotropin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to peptide hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to testosterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in spermatogenesis	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in chromatin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of cyclin D2-CDK4 complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of cyclin D2-CDK4 complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in microtubule organizing center	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nuclear membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nuclear membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleolus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleolus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: G1/S-specific cyclin-D2

Names: vin-1 proto-oncogene

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_022267.2 → NP_071603.2 G1/S-specific cyclin-D2

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000004

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q04827

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6ILX7, G3V8M9

Related

ENSRNOP00000106322.1, ENSRNOT00000129773.1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd20577
Location:154 → 258

CYCLIN_CCND2_rpt2; second cyclin box found in G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2)

cl40454
Location:1 → 149

CYCLIN_SF; Cyclin box fold superfamily