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    RRAD RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 6236, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    RRADprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulatorprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:10446
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000166592 MIM:179503; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10446
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    RAD; RAD1; REM3
    Summary
    Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and calcium channel regulator activity. Predicted to be involved in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Predicted to be located in T-tubule. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. Implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of congestive heart failure. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in heart (RPKM 57.6), esophagus (RPKM 28.6) and 11 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See RRAD in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    16q22.1
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (66921685..66925535, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (72715985..72719835, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (66955588..66959438, complement)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66933011-66933906 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984821 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66933907-66934800 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs1760 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66945849-66946350 Neighboring gene cadherin 16 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66955545-66956068 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66956069-66956592 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7571 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7572 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66961058-66962257 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10945 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10946 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66969029-66969641 Neighboring gene cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly component 2B Neighboring gene carboxylesterase 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66974461-66974960 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:66975020-66976219

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. RRAD inhibits aerobic glycolysis, invasion, and migration and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shang R, et al. Tumour Biol, 2016 Apr. PMID 26546438
    2. Rad knockdown induces mitochondrial apoptosis in bortezomib resistant leukemia and lymphoma cells. Yeom SY, et al. Leuk Res, 2012 Sep. PMID 22658652
    3. Aberrant methylation of the Ras-related associated with diabetes gene in human primary esophageal cancer. Jin Z, et al. Anticancer Res, 2013 Nov. PMID 24222170
    4. Rad GTPase inhibits the NFκB pathway through interacting with RelA/p65 to impede its DNA binding and target gene transactivation. Hsiao BY, et al. Cell Signal, 2014 Jul. PMID 24632303
    5. Promoter hypermethylation of Ras-related GTPase gene RRAD inactivates a tumor suppressor function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mo Y, et al. Cancer Lett, 2012 Oct 28. PMID 22487779

    See all (49) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer.
      Title: Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer.
    2. Reconstitution of beta-adrenergic regulation of CaV1.2: Rad-dependent and Rad-independent protein kinase A mechanisms.
      Title: Reconstitution of β-adrenergic regulation of Ca(V)1.2: Rad-dependent and Rad-independent protein kinase A mechanisms.
    3. RRAD expression in gastric and colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
      Title: RRAD expression in gastric and colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
    4. RRAD mutation causes electrical and cytoskeletal defects in cardiomyocytes derived from a familial case of Brugada syndrome.
      Title: RRAD mutation causes electrical and cytoskeletal defects in cardiomyocytes derived from a familial case of Brugada syndrome.
    5. this study established RRAD to be a biomarker as well as a novel negative regulator of cellular senescence.
      Title: Pan-senescence transcriptome analysis identified RRAD as a marker and negative regulator of cellular senescence.
    6. our study revealed that RRAD expression was decreased in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor tissues and predicted poor clinical outcome for HCC patients and played an important role in regulating aerobic glycolysis and cell invasion and metastasis and may represent potential targets for improving the treatment of HCC
      Title: RRAD inhibits aerobic glycolysis, invasion, and migration and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    7. Data show that Ras-related associated with diabetes protein (RRAD) directly binds to the p65 subunit of the NF-kappa B (NF-kappaB)complex and inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65, which in turn negatively regulates the NF-kappaB signaling
      Title: RRAD inhibits the Warburg effect through negative regulation of the NF-κB signaling.
    8. Brg1 inhibits proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by directly up-regulating RRAD in aortic dissection.
      Title: Brahma-related gene 1 inhibits proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by directly up-regulating Ras-related associated with diabetes in the pathophysiologic processes of aortic dissection.
    9. RRAD promotes EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and induces temozolomide resistance of malignant glioblastoma.
      Title: RRAD promotes EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and induces temozolomide resistance of malignant glioblastoma.
    10. RRAD expression is frequently decreased in lung cancer. Ectopic expression of RRAD greatly reduces glycolysis whereas knockdown of RRAD promotes glycolysis in lung cancer cells.
      Title: Tumor suppressor p53 negatively regulates glycolysis stimulated by hypoxia through its target RRAD.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables GTP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GTPase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables calcium channel regulator activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables calmodulin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    GTP-binding protein RAD
    Names
    RAS (RAD and GEM) like GTP binding 3
    RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inihibitor and calcium channel regulator
    Ras-related associated with diabetes
    ras associated with diabetes
    NP_001122322.1
    NP_004156.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001128850.2 → NP_001122322.1  GTP-binding protein RAD

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001122322.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC057815
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10824.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55042, Q96F39
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3J8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd04148
      Location:92 → 308
      RGK; Rem, Rem2, Rad, Gem/Kir (RGK) subfamily of Ras GTPases
      smart00173
      Location:92 → 252
      RAS; Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases

    2. NM_004165.3 → NP_004156.1  GTP-binding protein RAD

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004156.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice junction in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      BP257026, L24564, N93445
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10824.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P55042, Q96F39
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3J8
      Related
      ENSP00000299759.6, ENST00000299759.11
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd04148
      Location:92 → 308
      RGK; Rem, Rem2, Rad, Gem/Kir (RGK) subfamily of Ras GTPases
      smart00173
      Location:92 → 252
      RAS; Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      66921685..66925535 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      72715985..72719835 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P55042.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P55042

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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