PSME2 proteasome activator subunit 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PSME2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: proteasome activator subunit 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9569
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000100911 MIM:602161; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9569
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PA28B; REGbeta; PA28beta
Summary: The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three beta and three alpha subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Six pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 10 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in duodenum (RPKM 84.1), small intestine (RPKM 71.2) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 14q12

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	14	NC_000014.9 (24143365..24146610, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	14	NC_060938.1 (18341674..18344919, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	14	NC_000014.8 (24612574..24615819, complement)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

PSME2 offers value as a biomarker of M1 macrophage infiltration in pan-cancer and inhibits osteosarcoma malignant phenotypes.
Title: PSME2 offers value as a biomarker of M1 macrophage infiltration in pan-cancer and inhibits osteosarcoma malignant phenotypes.
Increased expression of PSME2 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma invasion by regulating BNIP3mediated autophagy.
Title: Increased expression of PSME2 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma invasion by regulating BNIP3‑mediated autophagy.
Development of a Novel Prognostic Signature Based on Antigen Processing and Presentation in Patients with Breast Cancer.
Title: Development of a Novel Prognostic Signature Based on Antigen Processing and Presentation in Patients with Breast Cancer.
Conformational maps of human 20S proteasomes reveal PA28- and immuno-dependent inter-ring crosstalks.
Title: Conformational maps of human 20S proteasomes reveal PA28- and immuno-dependent inter-ring crosstalks.
Such a modulation of proteasome activity is explained, at least in part, by the circadian expression of both Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and the proteasome activator PA28ab
Title: Circadian modulation of proteasome activity and accumulation of oxidized protein in human embryonic kidney HEK 293 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts.
The functional assays demonstrate that PA28beta inhibited cell growth, proliferation and malignancy of TE-1 cells. Among the differentially expressed proteins, PA28b is a potential tumor inhibitor
Title: Identification of PA28β as a potential novel biomarker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Naa10p suppresses 28S proteasome activity through interaction with PA28beta.
Title: N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein is a negative regulator of 28S proteasome through interaction with PA28β.
knockdown of PA28beta could enhance tumor invasion and metastasis, at least in part, through up-regulation of CLIC1 in gastric adenocarcinoma
Title: PA28β regulates cell invasion of gastric cancer via modulating the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1.
PA28 selectively up-regulates the presentation of viral MHC class I epitopes and that down regulation PA28 in tumor cells results in impaired presentation of a human TRP2 tumor antigen.
Title: The role of the proteasome activator PA28 in MHC class I antigen processing.
Impaired expression of proteasome subunits is involved in the loss of HLA class I expression in human colon cancer cells.
Title: Impaired expression of proteasome subunits and human leukocyte antigens class I in human colon cancer cells.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of proteasome activator subunit 2 (PSME2) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa-derived TZM-bl cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates the expression of proteasome activator subunit 2 (PSME2) in human primary T cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat slightly enhances the activity of the purified 26 S proteasome	PubMed
	tat	Amino acids Lys51, Arg52, and Asp67 of HIV-1 Tat represent the proteasome binding site of Tat, and Tat amino acids 37-72 are necessary for proteasomal interaction and suppression of 11 S regulator-mediated antigen presentation	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits the peptidase activity of the 20 S proteasome and interferes with the formation of the 20 S proteasome-11 S regulator complex	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat binds to the alpha2, alpha4, alpha6, alpha7, beta1, beta2, beta3, beta5, beta6, beta7, LMP7/beta5i, and MECL1/beta2i subunits of the proteasome 20 S core structure and can inhibit cellular proteasome function	PubMed
Vif	vif	HIV-1 Vif binds to the cellular cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G and targets it for degradation through an interaction with the proteasome, thereby inhibiting APOBEC3G mediated restriction of HIV-1 replication	PubMed
capsid	gag	HIV-1 CA downregulates PA28beta and the beta2i subunit of the immunoproteasome complex in a dendritic cell line (JAWS II), whereas in primary dendritic cells, PA28alpha, beta2i, and beta5i are downregulated by CA	PubMed
integrase	gag-pol	Proteasomal degradation of HIV-1 integrase in mammalian cells occurs by the N-end rule pathway	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D14S92E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:147481

RH71322 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:84774

MARC_4677-4678:996679594:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:269415

WI-18096 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:67718

Psme2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256483

RH65053 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:89587

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables endopeptidase activator activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in positive regulation of endopeptidase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of proteasome activator complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of proteasome complex	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: proteasome activator complex subunit 2

Names: 11S regulator complex beta subunit; 11S regulator complex subunit beta; MCP activator, 31-kD subunit; REG-beta; activator of multicatalytic protease subunit 2; cell migration-inducing protein 22; proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 2 (PA28 beta); proteasome activator 28 subunit beta; proteasome activator 28-beta; proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_002818.3 → NP_002809.2 proteasome activator complex subunit 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002809.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136295

Consensus CDS

CCDS9614.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q15129, Q9UL46

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q2TNB3, Q86SZ7

Related

ENSP00000216802.5, ENST00000216802.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam02251
Location:13 → 65

PA28_alpha; Proteasome activator pa28 alpha subunit

pfam02252
Location:96 → 237

PA28_beta; Proteasome activator pa28 beta subunit

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

24143365..24146610 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006720213.3 → XP_006720276.1 proteasome activator complex subunit 2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam02252
Location:19 → 160

PA28_beta; Proteasome activator pa28 beta subunit