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    Mdh1 malate dehydrogenase 1 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

    Gene ID: 24551, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Mdh1provided by RGD
    Official Full Name
    malate dehydrogenase 1provided by RGD
    Primary source
    RGD:3072
    See related
    EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000008103 AllianceGenome:RGD:3072
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
    Also known as
    KAR; MDL1; Mdhl; Mor2
    Summary
    This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the NAD/NADH-dependent, reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate in many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle. Two main isozymes are known to exist in eukaryotic cells: one is found in the mitochondrial matrix and the other in the cytoplasm. This gene encodes the cytosolic isozyme, which plays a key role in the malate-aspartate shuttle that allows malate to pass through the mitochondrial membrane to be transformed into oxaloacetate for further cellular processes. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is localized in the peroxisomes. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
    Expression
    Biased expression in Heart (RPKM 8192.4), Kidney (RPKM 3536.7) and 7 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See Mdh1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q22
    Exon count:
    9
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 14 NC_086032.1 (99831934..99847227, complement)
    RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 14 NC_051349.1 (95630625..95645920, complement)
    106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 14 NC_005113.4 (106378349..106393642, complement)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_086032.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC134481874 Neighboring gene large ribosomal subunit protein eL21-like Neighboring gene WD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA19 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC134481800

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
    • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
    • BioProject: PRJNA238328
    • Publication: PMID 24510058
    • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of lactate dehydrogenase M4 by liver macrophages: a mechanism for elimination of enzymes from plasma. Evidence for competition by creatine kinase MM, adenylate kinase, malate, and alcohol dehydrogenase. Smit MJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 1987 Sep 25. PMID 2820961
    2. Glutamine and ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on malate dehydrogenases expression in hepatectomized rats. Guimarães Filho A, et al. Acta Cir Bras, 2014 Jun. PMID 24919044
    3. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding mammalian cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of mammalian and bacterial malate dehydrogenase. Joh T, et al. J Biol Chem, 1987 Nov 5. PMID 3312200
    4. Structural basis of substrate specificity in malate dehydrogenases: crystal structure of a ternary complex of porcine cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketomalonate and tetrahydoNAD. Chapman AD, et al. J Mol Biol, 1999 Jan 15. PMID 10075524
    5. Role of NADH shuttles in glucose-induced insulin secretion from fetal beta-cells. Tan C, et al. Diabetes, 2002 Oct. PMID 12351438

    See all (25) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables L-malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables L-malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables L-malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables L-malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables malate dehydrogenase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in NAD metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in NADH metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in NADH metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in NADH metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in NADH metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in NADP metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in NADP metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in malate metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in malate metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in malate metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in oxaloacetate metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in oxaloacetate metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in tricarboxylic acid cycle IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in tricarboxylic acid cycle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in centrosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in centrosome ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic; malate dehydrogenase, peroxisomal
    Names
    Malate dehydrogenase-like enzyme
    aromatic alpha-keto acid reductase
    cytosolic malate dehydrogenase
    malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble)
    malate dehydrogenase, soluble
    NP_001303806.1
    NP_150238.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001316877.1 → NP_001303806.1  malate dehydrogenase, peroxisomal isoform Mdh1x

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This transcript (1) encodes two isoforms, which result from the use of alternative in-frame translation termination codons. The shorter isoform (Mdh1) results from translation termination at the upstream UGA stop codon, while the longer isoform (Mdh1x) results from UGA stop codon readthrough to the downstream UGA termination codon. This RefSeq represents the longer, C-terminally extended isoform (Mdh1x), which is localized in the peroxisomes. As the UGA stop codon has been reported to specify several alternative amino acids (tryptophan, cysteine, arginine and serine), its location in the longer isoform is denoted by an 'X'.
      Source sequence(s)
      FM055335, FM081843, FM085125, FM086546, FM108375, FN799180
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I6A721
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      TIGR01759
      Location:2 → 327
      MalateDH-SF1; malate dehydrogenase
      cd01336
      Location:3 → 328
      MDH_cytoplasmic_cytosolic; Cytoplasmic and cytosolic Malate dehydrogenases

    2. NM_033235.2 → NP_150238.1  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic isoform Mdh1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_150238.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This transcript (1) encodes two isoforms, which result from the use of alternative in-frame translation termination codons. The shorter isoform (Mdh1) results from translation termination at the upstream UGA stop codon, while the longer isoform (Mdh1x) results from UGA stop codon readthrough to the downstream UGA termination codon. This RefSeq represents the shorter isoform (Mdh1), which is localized in the cytosol.
      Source sequence(s)
      FM055335, FM081843, FM085125, FM086546, FM108375, FN799180
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88585, O88989, Q6PCV2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8I6A721, A6JQ40
      Related
      ENSRNOP00000011429.5, ENSRNOT00000011429.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      TIGR01759
      Location:2 → 327
      MalateDH-SF1; malate dehydrogenase
      cd01336
      Location:3 → 328
      MDH_cytoplasmic_cytosolic; Cytoplasmic and cytosolic Malate dehydrogenases

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCr8

    Genomic

    1. NC_086032.1 Reference GRCr8

      Range
      99831934..99847227 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O88989.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O88989

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