Kras KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Krasprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2981
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000081425 AllianceGenome:RGD:2981
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: p21; K-ras; Kras2; c-Ki-ras
Summary: Enables GDP binding activity; GMP binding activity; and LRR domain binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cardiac muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; and response to corticosteroid. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. Used to study bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma; endometrial adenocarcinoma; hepatocellular adenoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; and renal fibrosis. Biomarker of muscular atrophy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Noonan syndrome (multiple); cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (multiple); gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple); hematologic cancer (multiple); and lung cancer (multiple). Orthologous to human KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Lung (RPKM 85.5), Thymus (RPKM 74.0) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q44

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (179916255..179949613, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (178185418..178218484, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (179482562..179515483, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Self-limiting bidirectional positive feedback between P53 and P21 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy.
Title: Self-limiting bidirectional positive feedback between P53 and P21 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy.
Selective Endothelial Hyperactivation of Oncogenic KRAS Induces Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Mice.
Title: Selective Endothelial Hyperactivation of Oncogenic KRAS Induces Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Mice.
teolin, and in particular its metabolized product, may represent another natural product-derived therapeutic agent that acts against bladder cancer by upregulating p21 and inhibiting mTOR signaling
Title: Luteolin suppresses bladder cancer growth via regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway.
Kras protein mutation is responsible for the development of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung in patient born with congenital pulmonary malformation.
Title: Pulmonary Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus Mutation Positive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising in a Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation, Mixed Type 1 and 2.
Taken together, these results reveal the key role of histone H3Kme in TGF-beta1 mediated p21 gene expression in RMC, partly through HMT SET7/9 occupancy, suggesting H3Kme and SET7/9 may be potential renoprotective agents in managing chronic renal diseases.
Title: Histone Lysine Methylation in TGF-β1 Mediated p21 Gene Expression in Rat Mesangial Cells.
VEGF/VEGFR/K-ras signaling pathway might promote the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulating expression of miRNA21, which has potential clinical value for the development of therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Title: Effects of VEGF/VEGFR/K-ras signaling pathways on miRNA21 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues in rats.
Ras, ERK, and Akt are key effectors in the glucocorticoid-induced differentiation of growth hormone-secreting cells.
Title: Role of Ras, ERK, and Akt in glucocorticoid-induced differentiation of embryonic rat somatotropes in vitro.
Findings demonstrated that oncogenic K-Ras activates the signaling cascade p38/PDPK1/PKCdelta/p47(phox)/NOX1 for ROS generation and consequent malignant cellular transformation.
Title: Novel signaling axis for ROS generation during K-Ras-induced cellular transformation.
Piper betle may act as a potential chemopreventive agent in the early stage of colon carcinogenesis by suppressing the expressions of beta-catenin and KRAS.
Title: Inhibition of beta-catenin and KRAS expressions by Piper betle in azoxymethane-induced colon cancer of male Fischer 344 rats.
beta-cell apoptosis can be triggered by p21 during stress and is thus a potential target to inhibit for protection of functional beta-cell mass.
Title: Upregulation of p21 activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in β-cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (31)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

AI598753 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:249924

RH140818 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:222884

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GDP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GDP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables GMP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables GTP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables LRR domain binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-containing complex binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein-membrane adaptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of Rac protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in Ras protein signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within Ras protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within actin cytoskeleton organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell proliferation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in female pregnancy	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within forebrain astrocyte development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of glial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in liver development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in myoblast proliferation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cellular senescence	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to gravity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to isolation stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to mineralocorticoid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within skeletal muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within striated muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of type I pneumocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within visual learning	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endomembrane system	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: GTPase KRas

Names: K-Ras 2; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue 2 (active); c-K-ras; c-K-ras2 protein; c-Kirsten-ras proto-oncogene; ki-Ras; v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

NP_113703.1

EC 3.6.5.2

XP_017447932.1

EC 3.6.5.2

XP_038962950.1

EC 3.6.5.2

XP_038962951.1

EC 3.6.5.2

XP_063141593.1

EC 3.6.5.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031515.3 → NP_113703.1 GTPase KRas

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_113703.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

U09793

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QIP9, A0JN17

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04138
Location:3 → 164

H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086022.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

179916255..179949613 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039107023.2 → XP_038962951.1 GTPase KRas isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QIP9, A0JN17

Related

ENSRNOP00000101154.1, ENSRNOT00000159143.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04138
Location:3 → 164

H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B
XM_063285523.1 → XP_063141593.1 GTPase KRas isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0JN17
XM_039107022.2 → XP_038962950.1 GTPase KRas isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P08644, P46203, P97914

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QIP9

Related

ENSRNOP00000102876.1, ENSRNOT00000155911.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04138
Location:3 → 164

H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B
XM_017592443.3 → XP_017447932.1 GTPase KRas isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P08644, P46203, P97914

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QIP9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04138
Location:3 → 164

H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B