Dlx1 distal-less homeobox 1 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Dlx1provided by MGI
Official Full Name: distal-less homeobox 1provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:94901
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000041911 AllianceGenome:MGI:94901
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Dlx; DII B; Dlx-1
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox-containing transcription factor involved in development. The encoded protein plays a role in craniofacial patterning, as well as in bone, placenta, and sensory organ formation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
Expression: Biased expression in whole brain E14.5 (RPKM 29.9), frontal lobe adult (RPKM 28.2) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 C2; 2 42.61 cM

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (71358457..71364325)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (71528113..71533981)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Dlx1/2-dependent expression of Meis2 promotes neuronal fate determination in the mammalian striatum.
Title: Dlx1/2-dependent expression of Meis2 promotes neuronal fate determination in the mammalian striatum.
Satb2 regulates the development of dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus by Dlx1.
Title: Satb2 regulates the development of dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus by Dlx1.
Dlx1/2 mice have abnormal enteric nervous system function.
Title: Dlx1/2 mice have abnormal enteric nervous system function.
Defining compartmentalized stem cell populations with distinct cell division dynamics in the ocular surface epithelium.
Title: Defining compartmentalized stem cell populations with distinct cell division dynamics in the ocular surface epithelium.
Dlx1/2 are Central and Essential Components in the Transcriptional Code for Generating Olfactory Bulb Interneurons.
Title: Dlx1/2 are Central and Essential Components in the Transcriptional Code for Generating Olfactory Bulb Interneurons.
Dlx1 and Dlx2 promote interneuron GABA synthesis, synaptogenesis, and dendritogenesis. Dlx1&2 coordinate key components of cortical interneurons postnatal development by promoting their excitability, inhibitory output, and survival.
Title: Dlx1 and Dlx2 Promote Interneuron GABA Synthesis, Synaptogenesis, and Dendritogenesis.
Studies revealed that Dlx1/2 and Otp are required for the specification of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)- and AgRP-neurons, respectively. Dlx1/2 suppress agouti-related protein (AgRP)-neuronal fate by directly binding and repressing the Otp gene, uncovering a novel Dlx1/2-Otp gene regulatory axis critical for the segregation of GHRH- and AgRP-neuronal fates.
Title: Dlx1/2 and Otp coordinate the production of hypothalamic GHRH- and AgRP-neurons.
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. We show that Dlx1/Dlx2 homeobox genes regulate GABA synthesis during forebrain development through direct activation of glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme isoforms that convert glutamate to GABA.
Title: GABAergic Interneuron Differentiation in the Basal Forebrain Is Mediated through Direct Regulation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Isoforms by Dlx Homeobox Transcription Factors.
Dlx1 and Dlx2 function both downstream of ATOH7 and in parallel, but cooperative, pathways that involve regulation of Brn3b expression to determine retinal ganglion cell fate.
Title: Regulation of Brn3b by DLX1 and DLX2 is required for retinal ganglion cell differentiation in the vertebrate retina.
Dlx1 specifically suppresses Npn-2 and PAK3 and induces characteristic morphology of interneuron dendrites.
Title: Dlx1 transcription factor regulates dendritic growth and postsynaptic differentiation through inhibition of neuropilin-2 and PAK3 expression.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (6) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Dlx1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:465473

Dlx1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:546740

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IC Inferred by Curator more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within GABAergic neuron differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of Notch signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to BMP stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to BMP stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic skeletal system development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic skeletal system development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic skeletal system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within forebrain neuron differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within hippocampus development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuroblast differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of oligodendrocyte differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within proximal/distal pattern formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within proximal/distal pattern formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within subpallium development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: homeobox protein DLX-1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001416985.1 → NP_001403914.1 homeobox protein DLX-1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL928931

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q64317
NM_001416986.1 → NP_001403915.1 homeobox protein DLX-1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL928931

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q64317
NM_001416987.1 → NP_001403916.1 homeobox protein DLX-1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL928931

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q64317
NM_010053.3 → NP_034183.1 homeobox protein DLX-1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034183.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL928931

Consensus CDS

CCDS16116.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q64317

Related

ENSMUSP00000042413.4, ENSMUST00000037119.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:131 → 185

Homeobox; Homeobox domain