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    CYGB cytoglobin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 114757, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CYGBprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    cytoglobinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:16505
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000161544 MIM:608759; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16505
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HGB; NOD; STAP
    Summary
    This gene encodes a globin protein found in vertebrate cells. The encoded protein is described as a hexacoordinate hemoglobin which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate hemoglobins involved in oxygen transport, and may be involved in protection during oxidative stress. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene which is mutated in progressive rod-cone degeneration, but in the opposite orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 16.5), urinary bladder (RPKM 7.0) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See CYGB in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17q25.1
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (76527356..76551193, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (77424099..77449394, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (74523438..74533791, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:74449240-74449408 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12808 Neighboring gene aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74469380-74469890 Neighboring gene rhomboid 5 homolog 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9018 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9019 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9020 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10531 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3008 silencer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74487839-74488704 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74496763-74497432 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12809 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:74506318-74506528 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74508911-74509513 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:74518115-74518272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12810 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74525989-74526722 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74526723-74527456 Neighboring gene photoreceptor disc component Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74543392-74543895 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12811 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74553466-74554266 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74554267-74555068 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1C Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1B

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Knockdown of cytoglobin expression sensitizes human glioma cells to radiation and oxidative stress. Fang J, et al. Radiat Res, 2011 Aug. PMID 21631290
    2. Cytoglobin ligand binding regulated by changing haem-co-ordination in response to intramolecular disulfide bond formation and lipid interaction. Beckerson P, et al. Biochem J, 2015 Jan 1. PMID 25327890
    3. Cytoglobin in tumor hypoxia: novel insights into cancer suppression. Chakraborty S, et al. Tumour Biol, 2014 Jul. PMID 24816917
    4. Expression and biological role of cytoglobin in human ovarian cancer. Chen H, et al. Tumour Biol, 2014 Jul. PMID 24737588
    5. Disulfide bonds regulate binding of exogenous ligand to human cytoglobin. Tsujino H, et al. J Inorg Biochem, 2014 Jun. PMID 24632414

    See all (87) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of bladder cancer via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis.
      Title: SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of bladder cancer via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis.
    2. The cytoglobin-dependent transcriptome in melanoma indicates a protective function associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer-associated pathways.
      Title: The cytoglobin-dependent transcriptome in melanoma indicates a protective function associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer-associated pathways.
    3. Cytoglobin as a Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 75 Patients.
      Title: Cytoglobin as a Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 75 Patients.
    4. Cytoglobin has potent superoxide dismutase function.
      Title: Cytoglobin has potent superoxide dismutase function.
    5. TGF-beta1-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
      Title: TGF-β1-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
    6. A reliable set of reference genes to normalize oxygen-dependent cytoglobin gene expression levels in melanoma.
      Title: A reliable set of reference genes to normalize oxygen-dependent cytoglobin gene expression levels in melanoma.
    7. Cytoglobin-expressing cells in the splenic cords contribute to splenic fibrosis in cirrhotic patients.
      Title: Cytoglobin-expressing cells in the splenic cords contribute to splenic fibrosis in cirrhotic patients.
    8. Cytoglobin promotes sensitivity to ferroptosis by regulating p53-YAP1 axis in colon cancer cells.
      Title: Cytoglobin promotes sensitivity to ferroptosis by regulating p53-YAP1 axis in colon cancer cells.
    9. The Antioxidative Role of Cytoglobin in Podocytes: Implications for a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease.
      Title: The Antioxidative Role of Cytoglobin in Podocytes: Implications for a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease.
    10. Regulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Vascular Tone by Cytoglobin.
      Title: Regulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Vascular Tone by Cytoglobin.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (71)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Vpr vpr Treatment of human primary astrocytes with HIV-1 Vpr downregulates expression of eleven genes, BNIP3, CYGB, DUOX2, DUSP1, FOXM1, GAPDH, HPRT1, MT3, MTL5, PTGS2, and SCARA3 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables carbon monoxide binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables catalase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables fatty acid peroxidase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables heme binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables iron ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables nitric oxide dioxygenase activity, heme protein as donor IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables nitrite reductase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables oxidoreductase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables oxygen binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables oxygen carrier activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables peroxidase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables superoxide dismutase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in fatty acid oxidation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of fibroblast migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in nitric oxide catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in oxygen transport NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in removal of superoxide radicals IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to oxidative stress ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in neuron projection IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in neuronal cell body IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    cytoglobin
    Names
    histoglobin
    nitric oxygen dioxygenase CYGB
    nitrite reductase CYGB
    pseudoperoxidase CYGB
    stellate cell activation-associated protein
    superoxide dismutase CYGB
    NP_599030.1
    XP_005257062.1
    XP_016879605.1
    XP_054170909.1
    XP_054170910.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_134268.5 → NP_599030.1  cytoglobin

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599030.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AI470692, AK098057, BQ881744
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11746.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q541Y7, Q8N2X5, Q8WWM9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1K0FUB6
      Related
      ENSP00000293230.4, ENST00000293230.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08924
      Location:22 → 171
      Cygb; Cytoglobin and related globins

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      76527356..76551193 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_017024116.2 → XP_016879605.1  cytoglobin isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      K7EIM9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21461
      Location:1 → 106
      Globin_like; Globin-like proteins

    2. XM_005257005.4 → XP_005257062.1  cytoglobin isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08924
      Location:22 → 171
      Cygb; Cytoglobin and related globins

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      77424099..77449394 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054314935.1 → XP_054170910.1  cytoglobin isoform X2

    2. XM_054314934.1 → XP_054170909.1  cytoglobin isoform X1

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q8WWM9.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8WWM9

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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