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    ORF1ab ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein [ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ]

    Gene ID: 43740578, updated on 6-Oct-2024

    Summary

    Gene symbol
    ORF1ab
    Gene description
    ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein
    Locus tag
    GU280_gp01
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (isolate: Wuhan-Hu-1, nat-host: Homo sapiens)
    Lineage
    Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes; Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae; Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus
    Summary
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus particles include the RNA genetic material and structural proteins needed for invasion of host cells. Once inside the cell the infecting RNA is used to encode structural proteins that make up virus particles, nonstructural proteins that direct virus assembly, transcription, replication and host control and accessory proteins whose function has not been determined.~ ORF1ab, the largest gene, contains overlapping open reading frames that encode polyproteins PP1ab and PP1a. The polyproteins are cleaved to yield 16 nonstructural proteins, NSP1-16. Production of the longer (PP1ab) or shorter protein (PP1a) depends on a -1 ribosomal frameshifting event. The proteins, based on similarity to other coronaviruses, include the papain-like proteinase protein (NSP3), 3C-like proteinase (NSP5), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NSP12, RdRp), helicase (NSP13, HEL), endoRNAse (NSP15), 2'-O-Ribose-Methyltransferase (NSP16) and other nonstructural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins are responsible for viral transcription, replication, proteolytic processing, suppression of host immune responses and suppression of host gene expression. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a target of antiviral therapies.
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    Genomic context

    Sequence:
    NC_045512.2 (266..21555)

    NC_045512.2Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene surface glycoprotein Neighboring gene ORF3a protein

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    stem_loop

    • Loc: 13476-13503 function = Coronavirus frameshifting stimulation element stem-loop 1 , inference = COORDINATES: profile:Rfam-release-14.1:RF00507,Infernal:1.1.2
    • Loc: 13488-13542 function = Coronavirus frameshifting stimulation element stem-loop 2 , inference = COORDINATES: profile:Rfam-release-14.1:RF00507,Infernal:1.1.2

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein
    Names
    leader protein
    nsp2
    nsp3
    nsp4
    3C-like proteinase
    nsp6
    nsp7
    nsp8
    nsp9
    nsp10
    RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
    helicase
    3'-to-5' exonuclease
    endoRNAse
    2'-O-ribose methyltransferase
    leader protein
    nsp2
    nsp3
    nsp4
    3C-like proteinase
    nsp6
    nsp7
    nsp8
    nsp9
    nsp10
    nsp11
    YP_009724389.1
    • pp1ab; translated by -1 ribosomal frameshift
    YP_009725295.1
    • pp1a

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_045512.2 Reference assembly

      Range
      266..21555
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. YP_009724389.1 ORF1ab polyprotein [Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P0DTD1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A679G4D8, A0A6B9UY63, A0A6B9V049, A0A6B9VSU5, A0A6B9WIH5, A0A6C0M7K8, A0A6C0RS15, A0A6C0T6V0, A0A6C1F1G5, A0A6G7CR93, A0A6H2L6K3, A0A6H2TXR8, A0A6M3DDN3, A0A6M3GZB3, A0A6M3HQ10, A0A6M3HT58, A0A6M3T1R2, A0A6M5WPR7, A0A6M8EHB3, A0A6N1W2H4, A0A6V7AKV6, A0A6V7ALW7, A0A7I0YLY4, A0A7U3MRI0, A0A7U3MX55, A0A7U3RLH4, A0A883GPD4, A0A886NG00
      Conserved Domains (29) summary
      pfam11633
      Location:13511493
      SUD-M; Single-stranded poly(A) binding domain
      cd21401
      Location:53255419
      ZBD_cv_Nsp13-like; Cys/His rich zinc-binding domain (CH/ZBD) of coronavirus SARS NSP13 helicase and related proteins
      cd21409
      Location:54745552
      1B_cv_Nsp13-like; 1B domain of coronavirus SARS NSP13 helicase and related proteins
      cd21473
      Location:27773157
      cv_Nsp4_TM; coronavirus non-structural protein 4 (Nsp4) transmembrane domain
      cd21525
      Location:14961561
      SUD_C_SARS-CoV_Nsp3; C-terminal SARS-Unique Domain (SUD) of non-structural protein 3 (Nsp3) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and related betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
      cd21560
      Location:35703859
      betaCoV-Nsp6; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 6
      cd21516
      Location:182818
      cv_beta_Nsp2_SARS-like; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) similar to SARS-CoV Nsp2, and related proteins from betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
      cd21557
      Location:10541177
      Macro_X_Nsp3-like; X-domain of viral non-structural protein 3 and related macrodomains
      cd21666
      Location:32673563
      betaCoV_Nsp5_Mpro; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 5, also called Main protease (Mpro)
      cd21591
      Location:43975324
      SARS-CoV-like_RdRp; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also known as non-structural protein 12, and similar proteins from betacoronaviruses in the B lineage: responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome
      cd21171
      Location:64536513
      NTD_alpha_beta_cv_Nsp15-like; N-terminal domain of alpha- and beta-coronavirus Nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15), and related proteins
      cd21167
      Location:65176648
      M_alpha_beta_cv_Nsp15-like; middle domain of alpha- and beta-coronavirus Nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15), and related proteins
      cd21161
      Location:66466796
      NendoU_cv_Nsp15-like; Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain of coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 15 (Nsp15) and related proteins
      cd21659
      Location:59306450
      betaCoV_Nsp14; nonstructural protein 14 of betacoronavirus
      pfam06460
      Location:68007095
      NSP13; Coronavirus NSP13
      pfam08717
      Location:39434139
      nsp8; nsp8 replicase
      pfam12379
      Location:8801050
      DUF3655; Protein of unknown function (DUF3655)
      pfam16348
      Location:31693261
      Corona_NSP4_C; Coronavirus nonstructural protein 4 C-terminus
      cd21827
      Location:38603942
      betaCoV_Nsp7; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 7
      cd21901
      Location:42544384
      alpha_betaCoV_Nsp10; alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus non-structural protein 14
      cd21898
      Location:41414253
      betaCoV_Nsp9; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 9
      cd21796
      Location:13127
      SARS-CoV-like_Nsp1_N; N-terminal domain of non-structural protein 1 from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cd21822
      Location:19132019
      SARS-CoV-like_Nsp3_NAB; nucleic acid binding domain of non-structural protein 3 from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cd21814
      Location:20442159
      SARS-CoV-like_Nsp3_betaSM; betacoronavirus-specific marker of non-structural protein 3 from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cd21732
      Location:15661868
      betaCoV_PLPro; betacoronavirus papain-like protease
      cd21722
      Location:55755914
      betaCoV_Nsp13-helicase; helicase domain of betacoronavirus non-structural protein 13
      cd21717
      Location:22322762
      TM_Y_SARS-CoV-like_Nsp3_C; C-terminus of non-structural protein 3, including transmembrane and Y domains, from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cd21689
      Location:54235470
      stalk_CoV_Nsp13-like; stalk domain of coronavirus Nsp13 helicase and related proteins
      cl00019
      Location:12331358
      Macro_SF; macrodomain superfamily
    2. YP_009725297.1 leader protein

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6M8NMS9, A0A6M8NRD9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl41742
      Location:13127
      alpha_betaCoV_Nsp1; non-structural protein 1 from alpha- and betacoronavirus
    3. YP_009725298.1 nsp2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21516
      Location:2638
      cv_beta_Nsp2_SARS-like; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) similar to SARS-CoV Nsp2, and related proteins from betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
    4. YP_009725299.1 nsp3

      Conserved Domains (8) summary
      pfam12124
      Location:680743
      Nsp3_PL2pro; Coronavirus polyprotein cleavage domain
      pfam12379
      Location:102169
      DUF3655; Protein of unknown function (DUF3655)
      pfam16251
      Location:10891201
      NAR; Nucleic acid-binding domain (NAR)
      pfam11633
      Location:533675
      SUD-M; Single-stranded poly(A) binding domain
      cd14964
      Location:14971519
      7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 5 [structural motif]
      pfam01661
      Location:240340
      Macro; Macro domain
      pfam08715
      Location:7461064
      Viral_protease; Papain like viral protease
      cl28897
      Location:14941563
      7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily
    5. YP_009725300.1 nsp4

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam16348
      Location:406498
      Corona_NSP4_C; Coronavirus nonstructural protein 4 C-terminus
    6. YP_009725301.1 3C-like proteinase

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21666
      Location:4300
      betaCoV_Nsp5_Mpro; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 5, also called Main protease (Mpro)
    7. YP_009725302.1 nsp6

    8. YP_009725303.1 nsp7

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21827
      Location:183
      betaCoV_Nsp7; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 7
    9. YP_009725304.1 nsp8

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam08717
      Location:1197
      nsp8; nsp8 replicase
    10. YP_009725305.1 nsp9

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21898
      Location:1113
      betaCoV_Nsp9; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 9
    11. YP_009725306.1 nsp10

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G8H303
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl40460
      Location:1131
      CoV_Nsp10; coronavirus non-structural protein 10
    12. YP_009725307.1 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21591
      Location:5932
      SARS-CoV-like_RdRp; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also known as non-structural protein 12, and similar proteins from betacoronaviruses in the B lineage: responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome
    13. YP_009725308.1 helicase

      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd21401
      Location:195
      ZBD_cv_Nsp13-like; Cys/His rich zinc-binding domain (CH/ZBD) of coronavirus SARS NSP13 helicase and related proteins
      cd21409
      Location:150228
      1B_cv_Nsp13-like; 1B domain of coronavirus SARS NSP13 helicase and related proteins
      cd21722
      Location:251590
      betaCoV_Nsp13-helicase; helicase domain of betacoronavirus non-structural protein 13
      cd21689
      Location:99146
      stalk_CoV_Nsp13-like; stalk domain of coronavirus Nsp13 helicase and related proteins
    14. YP_009725309.1 3'-to-5' exonuclease

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl40464
      Location:5525
      CoV_Nsp14; nonstructural protein 14 of coronavirus
    15. YP_009725310.1 endoRNAse

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam06471
      Location:168
      NSP11
    16. YP_009725311.1 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam06460
      Location:2297
      NSP13; Coronavirus NSP13
    17. YP_009725295.1 ORF1a polyprotein [Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P0DTC1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6C0RSH1, A0A6G6A224, A0A6G7KRG6, A0A6H0C7F2, A0A6H0JG04, A0A6M3HSG4, A0A6M3VXV6, A0A6M3WSK0, A0A6M5WJ06, A0A6M5WNZ9, A0A6M6JVJ9, A0A7D5JHC2, A0A7G6WCV0, A0A7G9UIU5, A0A7H4JDL9, A0A7T4X8V7, A0A7U1D8T7, A0A7U3HE26, A0A7U3QAS2, A0A883GPP4, A0A883GQI3, A0A883GR30, A0A897FAK2, A0A897FEG2, A0A8B1JJQ7, A0A8B1JX69, A0A8B6RCQ2
      Conserved Domains (19) summary
      pfam11633
      Location:13511493
      SUD-M; Single-stranded poly(A) binding domain
      cd21473
      Location:27773157
      cv_Nsp4_TM; coronavirus non-structural protein 4 (Nsp4) transmembrane domain
      cd21525
      Location:14961561
      SUD_C_SARS-CoV_Nsp3; C-terminal SARS-Unique Domain (SUD) of non-structural protein 3 (Nsp3) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and related betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
      cd21560
      Location:35703859
      betaCoV-Nsp6; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 6
      cd21516
      Location:182818
      cv_beta_Nsp2_SARS-like; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) similar to SARS-CoV Nsp2, and related proteins from betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
      cd21557
      Location:10541177
      Macro_X_Nsp3-like; X-domain of viral non-structural protein 3 and related macrodomains
      cd21666
      Location:32673563
      betaCoV_Nsp5_Mpro; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 5, also called Main protease (Mpro)
      pfam08717
      Location:39434139
      nsp8; nsp8 replicase
      pfam12379
      Location:8801050
      DUF3655; Protein of unknown function (DUF3655)
      pfam16348
      Location:31693261
      Corona_NSP4_C; Coronavirus nonstructural protein 4 C-terminus
      cd21827
      Location:38603942
      betaCoV_Nsp7; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 7
      cd21901
      Location:42544384
      alpha_betaCoV_Nsp10; alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus non-structural protein 14
      cd21898
      Location:41414253
      betaCoV_Nsp9; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 9
      cd21796
      Location:13127
      SARS-CoV-like_Nsp1_N; N-terminal domain of non-structural protein 1 from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cd21822
      Location:19132019
      SARS-CoV-like_Nsp3_NAB; nucleic acid binding domain of non-structural protein 3 from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cd21732
      Location:15661868
      betaCoV_PLPro; betacoronavirus papain-like protease
      cd21717
      Location:22322762
      TM_Y_SARS-CoV-like_Nsp3_C; C-terminus of non-structural protein 3, including transmembrane and Y domains, from Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and betacoronavirus in the B lineage
      cl00019
      Location:12331358
      Macro_SF; macrodomain superfamily
      cl41743
      Location:20442159
      betaCoV_Nsp3_betaSM; betacoronavirus-specific marker of betacoronavirus non-structural protein 3
    18. YP_009742608.1 leader protein

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A6M8NMS9, A0A6M8NRD9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl41742
      Location:13127
      alpha_betaCoV_Nsp1; non-structural protein 1 from alpha- and betacoronavirus
    19. YP_009742609.1 nsp2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21516
      Location:2638
      cv_beta_Nsp2_SARS-like; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) similar to SARS-CoV Nsp2, and related proteins from betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
    20. YP_009742610.1 nsp3

      Conserved Domains (8) summary
      pfam12124
      Location:680743
      Nsp3_PL2pro; Coronavirus polyprotein cleavage domain
      pfam12379
      Location:102169
      DUF3655; Protein of unknown function (DUF3655)
      pfam16251
      Location:10891201
      NAR; Nucleic acid-binding domain (NAR)
      pfam11633
      Location:533675
      SUD-M; Single-stranded poly(A) binding domain
      cd14964
      Location:14971519
      7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 5 [structural motif]
      pfam01661
      Location:240340
      Macro; Macro domain
      pfam08715
      Location:7461064
      Viral_protease; Papain like viral protease
      cl28897
      Location:14941563
      7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily
    21. YP_009742611.1 nsp4

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam16348
      Location:406498
      Corona_NSP4_C; Coronavirus nonstructural protein 4 C-terminus
    22. YP_009742612.1 3C-like proteinase

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21666
      Location:4300
      betaCoV_Nsp5_Mpro; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 5, also called Main protease (Mpro)
    23. YP_009742613.1 nsp6

    24. YP_009742614.1 nsp7

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21827
      Location:183
      betaCoV_Nsp7; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 7
    25. YP_009742615.1 nsp8

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam08717
      Location:1197
      nsp8; nsp8 replicase
    26. YP_009742616.1 nsp9

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd21898
      Location:1113
      betaCoV_Nsp9; betacoronavirus non-structural protein 9
    27. YP_009742617.1 nsp10

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G8H303
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl40460
      Location:1131
      CoV_Nsp10; coronavirus non-structural protein 10
    28. YP_009725312.1 nsp11