GRP gastrin releasing peptide [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GRPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: gastrin releasing peptideprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4605
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000134443 MIM:137260; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4605
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: BN; GRP-10; proGRP; preproGRP
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the bombesin-like family of gastrin-releasing peptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate two peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin-C. These peptides regulate numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation. These peptides are also likely to play a role in human cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, and prostate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 18q21.32

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	18	NC_000018.10 (59219189..59230771)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	18	NC_060942.1 (59420451..59432025)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	18	NC_000018.9 (56887390..56898003)

Chromosome 18 - NC_000018.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GRP/GRPR enhances alcohol-associated liver injury through the IRF1-mediated Caspase-1 inflammasome and NOX2-dependent ROS pathway.
Title: GRP/GRPR enhances alcohol-associated liver injury through the IRF1-mediated Caspase-1 inflammasome and NOX2-dependent ROS pathway.
Evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum TuM2-PK, NSE, and ProGRP in small cell lung cancer.
Title: Evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum TuM2-PK, NSE, and ProGRP in small cell lung cancer.
Circulating pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Title: Circulating pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Serum ProGRP as a novel biomarker of bone metastasis in prostate cancer.
Title: Serum ProGRP as a novel biomarker of bone metastasis in prostate cancer.
Gastrin-releasing peptide induces fibrotic response in MRC5s and proliferation in A549s.
Title: Gastrin-releasing peptide induces fibrotic response in MRC5s and proliferation in A549s.
Expression and clinical value of gastrin-releasing peptide precursor in nephropathy and chronic kidney disease.
Title: Expression and clinical value of gastrin-releasing peptide precursor in nephropathy and chronic kidney disease.
The oncogenic and druggable hPG80 (Progastrin) is overexpressed in multiple cancers and detected in the blood of patients.
Title: The oncogenic and druggable hPG80 (Progastrin) is overexpressed in multiple cancers and detected in the blood of patients.
fine-needle aspirate-ProGRP measurement could be served as an ancillary method for the differential diagnosis between medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and non-MTC thyroid nodules
Title: ProGRP AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NODULES.
ProGRP may be useful as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Title: Increased Progastrin-Releasing Peptide Expression is Associated with Progression in Gastric Cancer Patients.
Studied association of progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin a (CgA), and squamous cell cancer antigen (SCCA1) in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Results showed ProGRP can distinguish PNET patients from NSCLC patients, and with adjusted NSE values, it can differentiate the PNET group from the benign disease group.
Title: Clinical significance of progastrin-releasing peptide, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin a, and squamous cell cancer antigen in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (69)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D18S1265 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:68109

Grp (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:498770

STS-K02054 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:9077

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular response to sodium phosphate	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in mast cell degranulation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ossification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in psychomotor behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to external biotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in signal transduction	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in social behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuron projection	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in neuronal dense core vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in secretory granule lumen	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: gastrin-releasing peptide

Names: bombesin; neuromedin C; pre-progastrin releasing peptide; prepro-GRP; testicular tissue protein Li 103

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001012512.3 → NP_001012530.1 gastrin-releasing peptide isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2). This variant has also been identified as "splice isoform 3" and "pro-gastrin releasing peptide type 2". The encoded isoform (2) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AA989236, AC067859, BC004488, W01859

Consensus CDS

CCDS45877.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A140VJM7, Q5FBX9

Related

ENSP00000389696.2, ENST00000420468.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam02044
Location:41 → 54

Bombesin; Bombesin-like peptide
NM_001012513.3 → NP_001012531.1 gastrin-releasing peptide isoform 3 preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate splice site in the coding region, which results in a frameshift and an early stop codon, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3 which has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This variant has also been identified as "splice isoform 2", "pro-gastrin releasing peptide type 3", and "gastrin-releasing peptide nirs variant 1".

Source sequence(s)

AC067859, BC004488, CK903483

Consensus CDS

CCDS45878.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5FBX9

Related

ENSP00000434101.1, ENST00000529320.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam02044
Location:41 → 54

Bombesin; Bombesin-like peptide
NM_002091.5 → NP_002082.2 gastrin-releasing peptide isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002082.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). This variant has also been identified as "pro-gastrin releasing peptide type 1".

Source sequence(s)

AC067859, BC004488

Consensus CDS

CCDS11971.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P07491, P07492, P81553, Q14454, Q53YA0, Q9BSY7

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5FBX9

Related

ENSP00000256857.2, ENST00000256857.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam02044
Location:41 → 54

Bombesin; Bombesin-like peptide