gmnn.S geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog [Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: gmnn.S
Official Full Name: geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog
Primary source: Xenbase:XB-GENE-967001
Locus tag: XELAEV_18033520mg
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSXLAG00005017228 AllianceGenome:Xenbase:XB-GENE-967001
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Xenopus laevis
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Pipoidea; Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus; Xenopus
Also known as: gem; gmnn; geminin
Summary: Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of DNA replication and negative regulation of cell cycle. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Is expressed in ectoderm; nervous system; and visual system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Meier-Gorlin syndrome 6. Orthologous to human GMNN (geminin DNA replication inhibitor). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
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Genomic context

Location:: chromosome: 6S

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
101	current	Xenopus_laevis_v10.1 (GCF_017654675.1)	6S	NC_054382.1 (83354854..83361818, complement)
100	previous assembly	Xenopus_laevis_v2 (GCF_001663975.1)	6S	NC_030735.1 (75123653..75130626, complement)

Chromosome 6S - NC_054382.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

conserved arginine residues play critical roles in interaction with Geminin and Mcm that are crucial for proper conformation of the complexes and its licensing activity.
Title: Characterization of conserved arginine residues on Cdt1 that affect licensing activity and interaction with Geminin or Mcm complex.
Geminin promotes the neuronal precursor cell state by modulating both the epigenetic status and expression of genes encoding neurogenesis-promoting factors.
Title: Geminin regulates the transcriptional and epigenetic status of neuronal fate-promoting genes during mammalian neurogenesis.
Dynamic interactions of high Cdt1 and geminin levels regulate S phase in early Xenopus embryos.
Title: Dynamic interactions of high Cdt1 and geminin levels regulate S phase in early Xenopus embryos.
The work defines Geminin as an essential regulator of the embryonic transition from pluripotency through early multi-lineage commitment, and demonstrates that functional cooperativity between Geminin and Polycomb contributes to this process.
Title: Geminin cooperates with Polycomb to restrain multi-lineage commitment in the early embryo.
during meiosis Geminin functions as a stabilizer of Cdt1 promoting its accumulation for the early division cycles of the embryo
Title: Geminin stabilizes Cdt1 during meiosis in Xenopus oocytes.
Cleavage of Geminin by caspase-3 is not relevant to its function as regulator of DNA synthesis, suggesting that its cleavage may be relevant to its role in differentiation.
Title: Geminin is cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis in Xenopus egg extracts.
Together, these results demonstrate that signaling through Tcf and Vent binding sites regulates transcription of geminin in prospective neurectoderm during gastrulation
Title: Tcf- and Vent-binding sites regulate neural-specific geminin expression in the gastrula embryo.
These results suggest that nuclear accumulation of geminin, an inhibitor of Cdt1, plays a dominant role in the licensing system of Xenopus eggs.
Title: Intrinsic nuclear import activity of geminin is essential to prevent re-initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus eggs.
The activity of Gem in regulating cell fate, in addition to its cell-cycle-regulatory activity, requires control of its subcellular localization.
Title: Subcellular translocation signals regulate Geminin activity during embryonic development.
These results suggest a model in which the MCM2-7 helicase is loaded onto chromatin by a Cdt1-geminin complex, which is inactivated upon origin firing by binding additional geminin.
Title: A Cdt1-geminin complex licenses chromatin for DNA replication and prevents rereplication during S phase in Xenopus.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by Xenbase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of DNA replication	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of DNA replication	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog

Names: geminin H

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001090747.1 → NP_001084216.1 geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001084216.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

BC082424

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A974HE23, O93352

Related

ENSXLAP00005050820.1, ENSXLAT00005051982.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam07412
Location:1 → 190

Geminin

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Xenopus laevis Annotation Release 101 details...

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference Xenopus_laevis_v10.1 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_054382.1 Reference Xenopus_laevis_v10.1 Primary Assembly

Range

83354854..83361818 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_018268649.2 → XP_018124138.1 geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A974HE23, O93352

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam07412
Location:1 → 190

Geminin
XM_041567107.1 → XP_041423041.1 geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A974HE23, O93352

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam07412
Location:1 → 190

Geminin
XM_018268648.2 → XP_018124137.1 geminin, DNA replication inhibitor S homeolog isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A974HE23, O93352

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam07412
Location:1 → 190

Geminin