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    Syn2 synapsin II [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 20965, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Syn2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    synapsin IIprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:103020
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000009394 AllianceGenome:MGI:103020
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    2900074L19Rik
    Summary
    Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in calcium-ion regulated exocytosis and synaptic vesicle clustering. Acts upstream of or within neurotransmitter secretion. Located in plasma membrane; postsynaptic density; and synaptic vesicle membrane. Part of SNARE complex. Is active in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse and glutamatergic synapse. Is expressed in several structures, including central nervous system; eye; genitourinary system; intercostal muscle; and nerve. Used to study autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in schizophrenia. Orthologous to human SYN2 (synapsin II). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in frontal lobe adult (RPKM 55.8), cortex adult (RPKM 52.0) and 10 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Syn2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6 E3; 6 53.2 cM
    Exon count:
    14
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 6 NC_000072.7 (115111863..115259587)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 6 NC_000072.6 (115134902..115282626)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000072.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene predicted gene, 36190 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 17733 Neighboring gene transcriptional adaptor 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 38877 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 38878

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Short-term plasticity at cerebellar granule cell to molecular layer interneuron synapses expands information processing. Dorgans K, et al. Elife, 2019 May 13. PMID 31081751, Free PMC Article
    2. Regulation of transmitter release by synapsin II in mouse motor terminals. Samigullin D, et al. J Physiol, 2004 Nov 15. PMID 15388780, Free PMC Article
    3. Alterations in Brain Inflammation, Synaptic Proteins, and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis during Epileptogenesis in Mice Lacking Synapsin2. Chugh D, et al. PLoS One, 2015. PMID 26177381, Free PMC Article
    4. Essential role of the synaptic vesicle protein synapsin II in formalin-induced hyperalgesia and glutamate release in the spinal cord. Schmidtko A, et al. Pain, 2005 May. PMID 15836980
    5. Asynchronous GABA Release Is a Key Determinant of Tonic Inhibition and Controls Neuronal Excitability: A Study in the Synapsin II-/- Mouse. Medrihan L, et al. Cereb Cortex, 2015 Oct. PMID 24962993, Free PMC Article

    See all (138) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The interaction of Synapsin 2a and Synaptogyrin-3 regulates fear extinction in mice.
      Title: The interaction of Synapsin 2a and Synaptogyrin-3 regulates fear extinction in mice.
    2. Early endocannabinoid-mediated depolarization-induced suppression of excitation delays the appearance of the epileptic phenotype in synapsin II knockout mice.
      Title: Early endocannabinoid-mediated depolarization-induced suppression of excitation delays the appearance of the epileptic phenotype in synapsin II knockout mice.
    3. Synapsin II regulates synaptic transmission and neurite growth in cultured hippocampal neurons.
      Title: Growth and excitability at synapsin II deficient hippocampal neurons.
    4. results reveal a permissive contribution of Syn2 to the expression of normal socio-communicative behavior
      Title: The Knockout of Synapsin II in Mice Impairs Social Behavior and Functional Connectivity Generating an ASD-like Phenotype.
    5. These results reveal a new SynII function in the regulation of the time course of GABA release and demonstrate that this function is dependent on the interneuron subtype.
      Title: Synapsin II Regulation of GABAergic Synaptic Transmission Is Dependent on Interneuron Subtype.
    6. This study demonstrated that synapsin 2 regulating GABA Release from Hippocampal Interneurons.
      Title: Synapsin Isoforms Regulating GABA Release from Hippocampal Interneurons.
    7. Pharmacological and knockdown experiments showed that activation of sympathetic neurons by SCFA propionate involves SCFA receptor GPR41 linking to Gbetagamma-PLCbeta3-ERK1/2-synapsin 2
      Title: Short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR41-mediated activation of sympathetic neurons involves synapsin 2b phosphorylation.
    8. Deletion of synapsin II, a presynaptic protein contributing to epilepsy predisposition in humans, leads to a loss of tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal slices due to a dramatic decrease in presynaptic asynchronous GABA release.
      Title: Asynchronous GABA Release Is a Key Determinant of Tonic Inhibition and Controls Neuronal Excitability: A Study in the Synapsin II-/- Mouse.
    9. This study demonostrated that Epileptic synapsin triple knockout mice exhibit progressive long-term aberrant plasticity in the entorhinal cortex.
      Title: Epileptic synapsin triple knockout mice exhibit progressive long-term aberrant plasticity in the entorhinal cortex.
    10. In synapsin II(-) hippocampal neurons an overexcitable phenotype was observed.
      Title: Synapsin II and Rab3a cooperate in the regulation of epileptic and synaptic activity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 
    • Targeted (3)  1 citation

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables calcium-dependent protein binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in calcium-ion regulated exocytosis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within neurotransmitter secretion IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within neurotransmitter secretion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in synapse organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in synaptic vesicle clustering IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in synaptic vesicle clustering IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in synaptic vesicle clustering IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in synaptic vesicle cycle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in synaptic vesicle cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of SNARE complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in glutamatergic synapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in glutamatergic synapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in glutamatergic synapse IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in myelin sheath HDA PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in postsynaptic density IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in synapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in synaptic vesicle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in synaptic vesicle membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    synapsin-2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001111015.1 → NP_001104485.1  synapsin-2 isoform IIa

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001104485.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (IIa) encodes the longer isoform (IIa).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC147047, AC153907, BC066004, BY705489
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS51874.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q64332, Q6NZR0, Q9QWV7
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000009538.6, ENSMUST00000009538.12
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam02078
      Location:116 → 213
      Synapsin; Synapsin, N-terminal domain
      pfam02750
      Location:215 → 417
      Synapsin_C; Synapsin, ATP binding domain
      pfam10581
      Location:2 → 30
      Synapsin_N; Synapsin N-terminal

    2. NM_001326560.1 → NP_001313489.1  synapsin-2 isoform IIc

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (IIc) differs in the 5' and 3' UTRs and has multiple coding region differences, including an alternate start codon and novel 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform IIc which is shorter and has distinct N- and C-termini, compared to isoform IIa.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK013810, AK029181, AV342495, BY772774, CX207371
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8CE19
      Related
      ENSMUST00000204617.3
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam02078
      Location:1 → 47
      Synapsin; Synapsin, N-terminal domain
      pfam02750
      Location:49 → 251
      Synapsin_C; Synapsin, ATP binding domain

    3. NM_013681.3 → NP_038709.1  synapsin-2 isoform IIb

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_038709.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (IIb) lacks two exons and its 3' terminal exon extends past a splice site that is used in variant IIa. This results in a novel 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant IIa. It encodes isoform IIb which is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform IIa.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC147047, AK013810, AK029181, AV342495, BC066004, BM114311, BM951908, BY705489, CX207371
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS51875.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q64332
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8CE19
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000133121.2, ENSMUST00000169345.4
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam02078
      Location:116 → 213
      Synapsin; Synapsin, N-terminal domain
      pfam02750
      Location:215 → 417
      Synapsin_C; Synapsin, ATP binding domain
      pfam10581
      Location:2 → 30
      Synapsin_N; Synapsin N-terminal

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000072.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      115111863..115259587
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q64332.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q64332

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