Ins2 insulin II [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Ins2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: insulin IIprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:96573
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000000215 AllianceGenome:MGI:96573
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Mody; Ins-2; InsII; Mody4
Summary: This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The encoded precursor protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage to produce a disulfide-linked heterodimeric functional protein that is stored in secretory granules. An increase in blood glucose levels, among others, induces the release of insulin from the secretory granules. Mice deficient in the functional hormone encoded by this gene develop diabetes mellitus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
Expression: Biased expression in duodenum adult (RPKM 64.4), colon adult (RPKM 9.2) and 2 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 7 F5; 7 88.0 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	7	NC_000073.7 (142232393..142233463, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	7	NC_000073.6 (142678656..142679726, complement)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of PDX1 Variant Induced Diabetes in Chinese Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Title: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of PDX1 Variant Induced Diabetes in Chinese Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Dynamic Ins2 Gene Activity Defines beta-Cell Maturity States.
Title: Dynamic Ins2 Gene Activity Defines β-Cell Maturity States.
Irx3 and Irx5 in Ins2-Cre(+) cells regulate hypothalamic postnatal neurogenesis and leptin response.
Title: Irx3 and Irx5 in Ins2-Cre(+) cells regulate hypothalamic postnatal neurogenesis and leptin response.
Mutations in the C1 element of the insulin promoter lead to diabetic phenotypes in homozygous mice.
Title: Mutations in the C1 element of the insulin promoter lead to diabetic phenotypes in homozygous mice.
Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
Title: Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
Generating Ins2(+/-)/miR-133aTg Mice to Model miRNA-Driven Cardioprotection of Human Diabetic Heart.
Title: Generating Ins2(+/-)/miR-133aTg Mice to Model miRNA-Driven Cardioprotection of Human Diabetic Heart.
Glucose, insulin, insulin receptor subunits alpha and beta in normal and spontaneously diabetic and obese ob/ob and db/db infertile mouse testis and hypophysis.
Title: Glucose, insulin, insulin receptor subunits α and β in normal and spontaneously diabetic and obese ob/ob and db/db infertile mouse testis and hypophysis.
Myo-inositol Oxygenase (MIOX) Overexpression Drives the Progression of Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury in Diabetes.
Title: Myo-inositol Oxygenase (MIOX) Overexpression Drives the Progression of Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury in Diabetes.
Elevated beta-cell stress levels promote severe diabetes development in mice with MODY4.
Title: Elevated β-cell stress levels promote severe diabetes development in mice with MODY4.
Caloric restriction has additive effects on glucose homeostasis and beta-cell function in mice with reduced insulin gene dosage.
Title: Metabolic effects of short-term caloric restriction in mice with reduced insulin gene dosage.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (77)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Chemically induced (ENU) (1) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (11) 1 citation
Spontaneous (2) 1 citation
Targeted (16) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

PMC312732P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272910

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:158734

PMC24644P6 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:265494

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:265494

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:545834

PMC121419P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270381

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:507949

PMC123023P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270422

PMC123023P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270424

UniSTS:462687 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:462687

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:462687

PMC21231P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272021

PMC86965P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273569

PMC153767P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271272

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:259497

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256685

PMC317250P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273086

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:257228

AA986540 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:179680

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:259556

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143598

RH94799 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:120046

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143599

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143600

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143601

UniSTS:267003 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:267003

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:267003

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:546555

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:516606

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables insulin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables insulin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protease binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables receptor ligand activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within D-glucose transmembrane transport	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within ER overload response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activation of protein kinase B activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in acute-phase response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in alpha-beta T cell activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fatty acid homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in insulin processing	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in insulin processing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within insulin receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within myoblast fusion	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within myotube differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of feeding behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of proteolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron projection maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose import	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycolytic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of lipid kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of respiratory burst	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of protein binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of protein localization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vasodilation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in wound healing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: insulin-2

Names: proinsulin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001185083.2 → NP_001172012.1 insulin-2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172012.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shortest transcript. Variants 1-3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

BC099934, BP775562

Consensus CDS

CCDS22034.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01326

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D0EY27, Q5EEX1

Related

ENSMUSP00000101552.2, ENSMUST00000105932.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04367
Location:26 → 110

IlGF_insulin_like; IlGF_like family, insulin_like subgroup, specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as metabolism, growth and ...
NM_001185084.2 → NP_001172013.1 insulin-2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172013.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AY899305, BC099934, BP775562

Consensus CDS

CCDS22034.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01326

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D0EY27, Q5EEX1

Related

ENSMUSP00000101553.2, ENSMUST00000105933.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04367
Location:26 → 110

IlGF_insulin_like; IlGF_like family, insulin_like subgroup, specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as metabolism, growth and ...
NM_008387.5 → NP_032413.1 insulin-2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032413.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK007612, BC099934, BP775562

Consensus CDS

CCDS22034.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01326

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D0EY27, Q5EEX1

Related

ENSMUSP00000000220.3, ENSMUST00000000220.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04367
Location:26 → 110

IlGF_insulin_like; IlGF_like family, insulin_like subgroup, specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as metabolism, growth and ...