chrd.S chordin, gene 1 S homeolog [Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: chrd.S
Official Full Name: chordin, gene 1 S homeolog
Primary source: Xenbase:XB-GENE-865395
Locus tag: XELAEV_18029538mg
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSXLAG00005027309 AllianceGenome:Xenbase:XB-GENE-865395
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Xenopus laevis
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Pipoidea; Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus; Xenopus
Also known as: chd; chrd; chrd.1; chrd.L; chrd.1.S; X-chordin
Summary: Predicted to enable heparin binding activity and syndecan binding activity. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including axis specification; post-anal tail morphogenesis; and pronephros development. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Is expressed in ectoderm; endoderm; mesenchyme; mesoderm; and nervous system. Orthologous to human CHRD (chordin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
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Genomic context

Location:: chromosome: 5S

Exon count:: 23

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
101	current	Xenopus_laevis_v10.1 (GCF_017654675.1)	5S	NC_054380.1 (86328071..86344435)
100	previous assembly	Xenopus_laevis_v2 (GCF_001663975.1)	5S	NC_030733.1 (81693644..81710125)

Chromosome 5S - NC_054380.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Two Homeobox Transcription Factors, Goosecoid and Ventx1.1, Oppositely Regulate Chordin Transcription in Xenopus Gastrula Embryos.
Title: Two Homeobox Transcription Factors, Goosecoid and Ventx1.1, Oppositely Regulate Chordin Transcription in Xenopus Gastrula Embryos.
Chordin protein formed a smooth gradient that encircled the embryo, reaching the ventral-most Brachet cleft.
Title: Chordin forms a self-organizing morphogen gradient in the extracellular space between ectoderm and mesoderm in the Xenopus embryo.
This study demonstrates a crucial role of Sizzled in coupling dorsal-ventral axis size information with Chordin stability.
Title: Scaling of dorsal-ventral patterning by embryo size-dependent degradation of Spemann's organizer signals.
Xld cleaves Chordin, an inhibitory binding protein for BMP2/4, releasing fragments with reduced affinity for these important ventralizing signals.
Title: Molecular determinants of Xolloid action in vivo.
Study shows that Xenopus ONT1, an Olfactomedin-class secreted protein, stabilizes axial formation by restricting Chordin activity on the dorsal side. [ONT1]
Title: Robust stability of the embryonic axial pattern requires a secreted scaffold for chordin degradation.
CV2/Chordin interaction may help coordinate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) diffusion to the ventral side of the embryo, ensuring that BMPs liberated from Chordin inhibition by tolloid proteolysis cause peak signaling levels.
Title: Crossveinless-2 Is a BMP feedback inhibitor that binds Chordin/BMP to regulate Xenopus embryonic patterning.
Embryo elongation can occur through the synergistic effect(s) of the organizer molecule chordin, and each of the 'verall posteriorizing molecules'eFGF, VegT and Xbra.
Title: VegT, eFGF and Xbra cause overall posteriorization while Xwnt8 causes eye-level restricted posteriorization in synergy with chordin in early Xenopus development.
Chordin, Noggin, beta-Catenin, and Cerberus have roles in neural induction in Xenopus
Title: Neural induction in Xenopus: requirement for ectodermal and endomesodermal signals via Chordin, Noggin, beta-Catenin, and Cerberus.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 knockdown was sufficient to rescue the ventralizing effects caused by loss of Chordin activity.
Title: Depletion of Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp7 and Spemann organizer signals induces massive brain formation in Xenopus embryos.
complex containing Smicl and the newly induced Xlim1 induces expression of Chordin
Title: The novel Smad-interacting protein Smicl regulates Chordin expression in the Xenopus embryo.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by Xenbase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables BMP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparin binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables syndecan binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within axis specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within chordate embryonic development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within dorsal/ventral pattern formation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within pattern specification process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within post-anal tail morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within pronephros development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within system development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: chordin

Names: chordin L homeolog; organizer-specific secreted-dorsalizing factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001088309.1 → NP_001081778.1 chordin precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001081778.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

L35764

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q6DD60, Q91713

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A974CTP6

Related

ENSXLAP00005081511.1, ENSXLAT00005083122.1

Conserved Domains (4) summary

smart00214
Location:771 → 837

VWC; von Willebrand factor (vWF) type C domain

smart00754
Location:530 → 651

CHRD; A domain in the BMP inhibitor chordin and in microbial proteins

pfam00093
Location:693 → 750

VWC; von Willebrand factor type C domain

cl17735
Location:43 → 116

VWC; von Willebrand factor type C domain