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    Rasd2 RASD family, member 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 75141, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Rasd2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    RASD family, member 2provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1922391
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000034472 AllianceGenome:MGI:1922391
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Rhes; TEM2; TEM-2; 4930526B11Rik
    Summary
    Predicted to enable several functions, including G-protein beta-subunit binding activity; GTP binding activity; and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding activity. Involved in dopaminergic synaptic transmission and locomotory behavior. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including genitourinary system; inner ear; lung; telencephalon; and thyroid gland. Orthologous to human RASD2 (RASD family member 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
    Expression
    Broad expression in cortex adult (RPKM 15.5), frontal lobe adult (RPKM 12.6) and 18 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Rasd2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    8 C1; 8 35.61 cM
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 8 NC_000074.7 (75940572..75950741)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 8 NC_000074.6 (75213944..75224113)

    Chromosome 8 - NC_000074.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E8248 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E244 Neighboring gene heme oxygenase 1 Neighboring gene minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_21928 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_21930 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_21931 Neighboring gene predicted gene 9644 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_21933 Neighboring gene uridine monophosphate kinase, pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Rhes depletion promotes striatal accumulation and aggregation of mutant huntingtin in a presymptomatic HD mouse model. Pan Y, et al. Front Aging Neurosci, 2023. PMID 37637962, Free PMC Article
    2. Attenuation of Rhes activity significantly delays the appearance of behavioral symptoms in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Baiamonte BA, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 23349722, Free PMC Article
    3. Rhes deletion is neuroprotective in the 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington's disease. Mealer RG, et al. J Neurosci, 2013 Feb 27. PMID 23447628, Free PMC Article
    4. Genetic deletion of Rhes or pharmacological blockade of mTORC1 prevent striato-nigral neurons activation in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Brugnoli A, et al. Neurobiol Dis, 2016 Jan. PMID 26522958
    5. Rhes Counteracts Dopamine Neuron Degeneration and Neuroinflammation Depending on Gender and Age. Costa G, et al. Front Aging Neurosci, 2018. PMID 29904346, Free PMC Article

    See all (42) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Rasd2 Mediates Acute Fasting-Induced Antidepressant-Like Effects via Dopamine D2 Receptor Activation in Ovariectomized Mice.
      Title: Rasd2 Mediates Acute Fasting-Induced Antidepressant-Like Effects via Dopamine D2 Receptor Activation in Ovariectomized Mice.
    2. The striatal-enriched protein Rhes is a critical modulator of cocaine-induced molecular and behavioral responses.
      Title: The striatal-enriched protein Rhes is a critical modulator of cocaine-induced molecular and behavioral responses.
    3. Rhes is a major regulator of mitophagy via Nix, which may determine striatal vulnerability in the brain
      Title: Rhes, a striatal-enriched protein, promotes mitophagy via Nix.
    4. guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1 inhibited Rhes-mediated control of striatal motor activity in mice. RasGRP1 stabilized Rhes, increasing its synaptic accumulation in the striatum.
      Title: RasGRP1 promotes amphetamine-induced motor behavior through a Rhes interaction network ("Rhesactome") in the striatum.
    5. that Rasd2 mutants display deficits in basal prepulse inhibition that, in turn, exacerbate gating disruption under psychotomimetic drug challenge
      Title: Rasd2 Modulates Prefronto-Striatal Phenotypes in Humans and 'Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors' in Mice.
    6. Study showed that both genetic deletion of Rhes and pharmacological blockade of mTORC1 significantly attenuate dyskinesia development by reducing the sensitization of striato-nigral medium-sized spiny neurons to levodopa
      Title: Genetic deletion of Rhes or pharmacological blockade of mTORC1 prevent striato-nigral neurons activation in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
    7. ectopic expression of Rhes in the cerebellum of N171-82Q mice, during the asymptomatic period led to an exacerbation of motor deficits, including loss of balance and motor incoordination with ataxia-like features
      Title: Ectopic expression of the striatal-enriched GTPase Rhes elicits cerebellar degeneration and an ataxia phenotype in Huntington's disease.
    8. Rhes influences striatal cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling and synaptic plasticity in a gender-sensitive fashion
      Title: Rhes influences striatal cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling and synaptic plasticity in a gender-sensitive fashion.
    9. Brain Rhes expression is decreased in a mouse model of Huntington's disease.
      Title: Reinstating aberrant mTORC1 activity in Huntington's disease mice improves disease phenotypes.
    10. Rhes robustly binds the autophagy regulator Beclin-1, decreasing its inhibitory interaction with Bcl-2 independent of JNK-1 signaling.
      Title: Rhes, a striatal-selective protein implicated in Huntington disease, binds beclin-1 and activates autophagy.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 
    • Targeted (2)  1 citation

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G-protein beta-subunit binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables G-protein beta-subunit binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables G-protein beta-subunit binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables GTP binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables GTPase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in locomotory behavior IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of protein sumoylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in synaptic transmission, dopaminergic IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in plasma membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in synapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    GTP-binding protein Rhes
    Names
    ras homolog enriched in striatum
    NP_083458.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_029182.2 → NP_083458.1  GTP-binding protein Rhes

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_083458.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC076974
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS52602.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P63032, Q9WVD3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8JZW1
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000118070.2, ENSMUST00000139848.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04143
      Location:20 → 266
      Rhes_like; Ras homolog enriched in striatum (Rhes) and activator of G-protein signaling 1 (Dexras1/AGS1)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000074.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      75940572..75950741
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P63032.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P63032

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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