TAOK2 TAO kinase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: TAOK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: TAO kinase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:16835
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000149930 MIM:613199; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16835
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PSK; PSK1; TAO1; TAO2; MAP3K17; Tao2beta; PSK1-BETA
Summary: Enables mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding activity; neuropilin binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including focal adhesion assembly; intracellular signal transduction; and positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle; cytosol; and nuclear lumen. Part of receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 12.5), testis (RPKM 11.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p11.2

Exon count:: 22

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	16	NC_000016.10 (29973868..29992261)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	16	NC_060940.1 (30256503..30274899)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	16	NC_000016.9 (29985189..30003582)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Comprehensive split TEV based protein-protein interaction screening reveals TAOK2 as a key modulator of Hippo signalling to limit growth.
Title: Comprehensive split TEV based protein-protein interaction screening reveals TAOK2 as a key modulator of Hippo signalling to limit growth.
The circRNA circSIAE Inhibits Replication of Coxsackie Virus B3 by Targeting miR-331-3p and Thousand and One Amino-Acid Kinase 2.
Title: The circRNA circSIAE Inhibits Replication of Coxsackie Virus B3 by Targeting miR-331-3p and Thousand and One Amino-Acid Kinase 2.
TAOK2 is an ER-localized kinase that catalyzes the dynamic tethering of ER to microtubules.
Title: TAOK2 is an ER-localized kinase that catalyzes the dynamic tethering of ER to microtubules.
we characterize a compound that inhibits TAOK1 and TAOK2 activity with IC50 values of 11 to 15 nmol/L, is ATP-competitive, and targets these kinases selectively. TAOK inhibition or depletion in centrosome-amplified SKBR3 or BT549 breast cancer cell models increases the mitotic population, the percentages of mitotic cells displaying amplified centrosomes and multipolar spindles, induces cell death, and inhibits cell growt
Title: Targeting TAO Kinases Using a New Inhibitor Compound Delays Mitosis and Induces Mitotic Cell Death in Centrosome Amplified Breast Cancer Cells.
tau is a good substrate for PSK1 and PSK2 phosphorylation with mass spectrometric analysis of phosphorylated tau revealing more than 40 tau residues as targets of these kinases.
Title: Prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinases (PSKs/TAOKs) phosphorylate tau protein and are activated in tangle-bearing neurons in Alzheimer disease.
TAOK2 is essential for dendrite morphogenesis; TAOK2 downregulation impairs basal dendrite formation without affecting apical dendrites.
Title: Autism spectrum disorder susceptibility gene TAOK2 affects basal dendrite formation in the neocortex.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Association and mutation analyses of 16p11.2 autism candidate genes.
PSK1-alpha is a bifunctional kinase that associates with microtubules, and JNK- and caspase-mediated removal of its C-terminal microtubule-binding domain permits nuclear translocation of the N-terminal region of PSK1-alpha and its induction of apoptosis
Title: Prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinase 1-alpha induces apoptosis. JNK- and caspase-dependent nuclear localization is a requirement for membrane blebbing.
the TAK1-JNK pathway is activated by osmotic stress, while blocking TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation; TAO2 regulates TAK1 pathways
Title: Osmotic stress activates the TAK1-JNK pathway while blocking TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation: TAO2 regulates TAK1 pathways.
mediates signaling from carbachol to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ternary complex factors
Title: TAO (thousand-and-one amino acid) protein kinases mediate signaling from carbachol to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ternary complex factors.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH99036 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:90666

RH103031 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:97365

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S10 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S28 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S57 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T11 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T3 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T45 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H4S1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables neuropilin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables tau protein binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables tau-protein kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in activation of protein kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in axonogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in axonogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in basal dendrite arborization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in basal dendrite morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in cell migration	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in focal adhesion assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein autophosphorylation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in protein targeting to membrane	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell growth	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell shape	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in stress-activated MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
colocalizes_with actin cytoskeleton	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in axon	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in axonal growth cone	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in dendritic growth cone	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in neuron projection	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in nucleolus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
part_of receptor complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2

Names: PSK-1; hKFC-C; kinase from chicken homolog C; prostate derived STE20-like kinase PSK; prostate-derived STE20-like kinase 1; prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinase 1; thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 2

NP_001238972.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_004774.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_057235.2

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011544284.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011544285.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011544286.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011544287.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011544288.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_047290873.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_047290874.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_047290875.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_047290876.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_047290877.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_047290878.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170391.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170392.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170393.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170394.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170395.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170396.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170397.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170398.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170399.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170400.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054170401.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_030462.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5002..19527

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001252043.2 → NP_001238972.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform 3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001238972.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) is alternatively spliced at the 3' end compared to variant 1. However, it maintains the reading frame, and encodes a shorter isoform (3) missing a protein segment compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BC144344, BC151221, BP233788

Consensus CDS

CCDS58448.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9UL54

Related

ENSP00000440336.1, ENST00000543033.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2
NM_004783.4 → NP_004774.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004774.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains alternate exons at the 3' end compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter isoform (2, also known as PSK1-beta) with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AF263313, AI805725, BC152413, BP233788, CN286840

Consensus CDS

CCDS10662.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9UL54

Related

ENSP00000279394.3, ENST00000279394.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG0419
Location:478 → 913

SbcC; DNA repair exonuclease SbcCD ATPase subunit [Replication, recombination and repair]

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2
NM_016151.4 → NP_057235.2 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_057235.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1, also known as PSK1-alpha).

Source sequence(s)

BC136653, BC151221, BP233788

Consensus CDS

CCDS10663.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A5PKY1, A7MCZ2, B2RN35, B7ZM88, O94957, Q6UW73, Q7LC09, Q9NSW2, Q9UL54

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q86V37

Related

ENSP00000310094.4, ENST00000308893.9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

29973868..29992261

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011545984.2 → XP_011544286.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2
XM_011545985.2 → XP_011544287.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2
XM_047434917.1 → XP_047290873.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X5
XM_011545986.4 → XP_011544288.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0PJ48

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2
XM_047434918.1 → XP_047290874.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X6
XM_047434919.1 → XP_047290875.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X7
XM_047434922.1 → XP_047290878.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X10
XM_047434920.1 → XP_047290876.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X8
XM_047434921.1 → XP_047290877.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X9
XM_011545982.3 → XP_011544284.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q86V37

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2
XM_011545983.4 → XP_011544285.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q86V37

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00220
Location:28 → 281

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd06634
Location:12 → 319

STKc_TAO2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Thousand-and-One Amino acids 2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

30256503..30274899

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_054314418.1 → XP_054170393.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X3
XM_054314419.1 → XP_054170394.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X4
XM_054314421.1 → XP_054170396.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X5
XM_054314420.1 → XP_054170395.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X5
XM_054314422.1 → XP_054170397.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X6
XM_054314426.1 → XP_054170401.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X10
XM_054314423.1 → XP_054170398.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X7
XM_054314424.1 → XP_054170399.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X8
XM_054314425.1 → XP_054170400.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X9
XM_054314416.1 → XP_054170391.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X1
XM_054314417.1 → XP_054170392.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2 isoform X2