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    ASGR2 asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 433, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ASGR2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    asialoglycoprotein receptor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:743
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000161944 MIM:108361; AllianceGenome:HGNC:743
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    HL-2; HBXBP; ASGPR2; ASGP-R2; CLEC4H2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in serum glycoprotein homeostasis by mediating the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a target for liver-specific drug delivery. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a hetero-oligomeric protein composed of major and minor subunits, which are encoded by different genes. The protein encoded by this gene is the less abundant minor subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]
    Expression
    Biased expression in liver (RPKM 120.6) and gall bladder (RPKM 6.7) See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See ASGR2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17p13.1
    Exon count:
    11
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (7101322..7115146, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (7001999..7016068, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (7004641..7018141, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903909 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8084 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8085 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11597 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11598 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11599 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 16 member 11 Neighboring gene C-type lectin domain containing 10A Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11600 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11601 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:7015987-7016487 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:7018293-7019079 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8086 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:7034277-7034814 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371512 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11602 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 64

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Differences in the abundance of variably spliced transcripts for the second asialoglycoprotein receptor polypeptide, H2, in normal and transformed human liver. Paietta E, et al. Hepatology, 1992 Mar. PMID 1371982
    2. Alternatively spliced variants of the human hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor, H2, differ in cellular trafficking and regulation of phosphorylation. Paietta E, et al. J Biol Chem, 1992 Jun 5. PMID 1597447
    3. Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer. Tanaka H, et al. Mol Cancer Res, 2018 Sep. PMID 29784667
    4. Sequence of a second human asialoglycoprotein receptor: conservation of two receptor genes during evolution. Spiess M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1985 Oct. PMID 3863106, Free PMC Article
    5. A secreted form of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, sH2a, as a novel potential noninvasive marker for liver fibrosis. Veselkin E, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 22096539, Free PMC Article

    See all (51) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Although gastric cancer cell-invasive activity was significantly decreased by knockdown, forced expression of ASGR2 promoted invasive activity.
      Title: Pattern-Specific Transcriptomics Identifies ASGR2 as a Predictor of Hematogenous Recurrence of Gastric Cancer.
    2. PEGylated lipoplexes were well tolerated by both HEK293 (ASGP-R-negative) and HepG2 (ASGP-R-positive) cell lines and delivered DNA to the hepatoma cell line HepG2 by ASGP-R mediation at levels three-fold greater than nonPEGylated lipoplexes.
      Title: PEGylation potentiates hepatoma cell targeted liposome-mediated in vitro gene delivery via the asialoglycoprotein receptor.
    3. findings show that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF2 protein interacts directly with the ectodomain of both ASGR1 and ASGR2; ASGPR is involved in and facilitates HEV infection by binding to ORF2
      Title: Asialoglycoprotein receptor facilitates infection of PLC/PRF/5 cells by HEV through interaction with ORF2.
    4. the distribution of ASGR in human testis, was investigated.
      Title: Expression pattern of asialoglycoprotein receptor in human testis.
    5. sH2a has the potential to be a uniquely sensitive and specific novel marker for liver fibrosis and function.
      Title: A secreted form of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, sH2a, as a novel potential noninvasive marker for liver fibrosis.
    6. found that the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is involved in hepatocyte recognition of cells predestined for killing, including activated autologous T lymphocytes
      Title: Hepatocyte cytotoxicity is facilitated by asialoglycoprotein receptor.
    7. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.
    8. Exposure of beta-galactose results in the rapid clearance of platelets from the circulation by asialoglycoprotein receptor-expressing liver macrophages and hepatocytes.
      Title: Role of sialic acid for platelet life span: exposure of beta-galactose results in the rapid clearance of platelets from the circulation by asialoglycoprotein receptor-expressing liver macrophages and hepatocytes.
    9. primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells have a functional ASGPR, consisting of the H1 and H2 subunits, that is capable of specific ligand binding and uptake
      Title: Expression of a functional asialoglycoprotein receptor in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
    10. The minor subunit splice variants, H2b and H2c, of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major subunit H1 in different hetero-oligomeric receptor complexes
      Title: The minor subunit splice variants, H2b and H2c, of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor are present with the major subunit H1 in different hetero-oligomeric receptor complexes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ60040

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables D-mannose binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables asialoglycoprotein receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables fucose binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables pattern recognition receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in endocytosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in external side of plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    asialoglycoprotein receptor 2
    Names
    C-type lectin domain family 4 member H2
    HBxAg-binding protein
    hepatic lectin H2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029064.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5324..18820
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001181.4 → NP_001172.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1), also known as H2a, differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant H2'. Variants H2' and 1 encode the same isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC120057, BX483468, M11025
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32544.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:177 → 302
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:29 → 167
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    2. NM_001201352.2 → NP_001188281.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform d

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001188281.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4), also known as H2b, differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate splice site in the 5' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'. The encoded isoform (d) is shorter than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC120057, AF529374, BM561839, M11025
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS92242.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7Z4G9
      Related
      ENSP00000510808.1, ENST00000691900.1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:172 → 297
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:37 → 162
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    3. NM_080912.3 → NP_550434.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_550434.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (H2') represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (a). Variants H2' and 1 encode the same isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC120057, DC315727, M11025
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32544.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Related
      ENSP00000347140.5, ENST00000355035.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:177 → 302
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:29 → 167
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    4. NM_080913.3 → NP_550435.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_550435.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2), also known as H2c and L-H2, differs in the 5' UTR and uses two alternate splice sites in the 5' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC017251, BX483468, M11025
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11088.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Related
      ENSP00000254850.7, ENST00000254850.11
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:153 → 278
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:18 → 143
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    5. NM_080914.2 → NP_550436.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform c

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_550436.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate splice site in the 5' coding region but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant H2'. The encoded isoform (c) is shorter than isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC120057, M11025, U97197, X55284
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS45598.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Related
      ENSP00000405844.2, ENST00000446679.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:158 → 283
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:18 → 148
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      7101322..7115146 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_017024651.2 → XP_016880140.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969

    2. XM_047436090.1 → XP_047292046.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

    3. XM_024450755.1 → XP_024306523.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X4

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:245 → 370
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:110 → 235
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    4. XM_011523862.4 → XP_011522164.2  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X1

    5. XM_047436089.1 → XP_047292045.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X3

    6. XM_006721524.3 → XP_006721587.2  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:114 → 239
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:21 → 104
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    7. XM_011523863.4 → XP_011522165.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011522165.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:165 → 290
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:18 → 155
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    8. XM_024450757.2 → XP_024306525.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:114 → 239
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:21 → 104
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    9. XM_006721526.3 → XP_006721589.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X9

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006721589.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:153 → 278
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:18 → 143
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    10. XM_047436091.1 → XP_047292047.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

    11. XM_024450756.2 → XP_024306524.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7Z4G9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:172 → 297
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:37 → 162
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    12. XM_011523864.4 → XP_011522166.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011522166.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NLV8, A8MT12, D3DTM9, D3DTN0, O00448, P07307, Q03969
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03590
      Location:184 → 309
      CLECT_DC-SIGN_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and the related receptor, DC-SIGN receptor (DC-SIGNR)
      pfam03954
      Location:29 → 174
      Lectin_N; Hepatic lectin, N-terminal domain

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      7001999..7016068 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054316168.1 → XP_054172143.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

    2. XM_054316166.1 → XP_054172141.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

    3. XM_054316163.1 → XP_054172138.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X4

    4. XM_054316160.1 → XP_054172135.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X1

    5. XM_054316162.1 → XP_054172137.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X3

    6. XM_054316164.1 → XP_054172139.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

    7. XM_054316161.1 → XP_054172136.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X2

    8. XM_054316171.1 → XP_054172146.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X5

    9. XM_054316170.1 → XP_054172145.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X9

    10. XM_054316169.1 → XP_054172144.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X8

    11. XM_054316167.1 → XP_054172142.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7Z4G9

    12. XM_054316165.1 → XP_054172140.1  asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 isoform X6

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P07307.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P07307

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