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    HPGD 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3248, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    HPGDprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:5154
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000164120 MIM:601688; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5154
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PGDH; PGDH1; PHOAR1; 15-PGDH; SDR36C1
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the short-chain nonmetalloenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of prostaglandins, which function in a variety of physiologic and cellular processes such as inflammation. Mutations in this gene result in primary autosomal recessive hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and cranioosteoarthropathy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
    Expression
    Biased expression in urinary bladder (RPKM 176.8), stomach (RPKM 67.9) and 11 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See HPGD in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4q34.1
    Exon count:
    10
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (174490175..174522893, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (177829876..177862596, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (175411326..175444044, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377547 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22164 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:175296498-175297056 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:175303725-175304372 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:175304373-175305019 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:175355573-175356194 Neighboring gene microRNA 4276 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9212 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:175440449-175440978 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377548 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900870 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 772 pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. UV radiation inhibits 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase levels in human skin: evidence of transcriptional suppression. Judson BL, et al. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2010 Sep. PMID 20643784, Free PMC Article
    2. Mutation in the HPGD gene encoding NAD+ dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase underlies isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC). Tariq M, et al. J Med Genet, 2009 Jan. PMID 18805827
    3. Suppression of invasive properties of colorectal carcinoma SW480 cells by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene. Li M, et al. Cancer Invest, 2008 Nov. PMID 19034772
    4. NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase regulates levels of bioactive lipids in non-small cell lung cancer. Hughes D, et al. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2008 Sep. PMID 19138967, Free PMC Article
    5. Homozygous mutations in the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene in patients with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Yüksel-Konuk B, et al. Rheumatol Int, 2009 Nov. PMID 19306095

    See all (130) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Decidual Cells Block Inflammation-Mediated Inhibition of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase in Trophoblasts.
      Title: Decidual Cells Block Inflammation-Mediated Inhibition of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase in Trophoblasts.
    2. Reclassification of the HPGD p.Ala13Glu variant causing primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
      Title: Reclassification of the HPGD p.Ala13Glu variant causing primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
    3. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 12 Chinese primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy patients with HPGD mutations.
      Title: Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 12 Chinese primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy patients with HPGD mutations.
    4. Epigenetic Silencing of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase by Histone Methyltransferase EHMT2/G9a in Cholangiocarcinoma.
      Title: Epigenetic Silencing of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase by Histone Methyltransferase EHMT2/G9a in Cholangiocarcinoma.
    5. Association between COX-2 and 15-PGDH polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility.
      Title: Association between COX-2 and 15-PGDH polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility.
    6. Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength.
      Title: Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength.
    7. miR-21-mediated regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in colon cancer.
      Title: miR-21-mediated regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in colon cancer.
    8. our results suggested that the rs2555639 of 15-PDGH was associated with colo-rectal cancer metastasis and should lead to further studies to validate the association of rs2555639 with predisposition to colorectal cancer metastasis in other groups, as well as to investigate the bio-logical functions of rs2555639 in colorectal cancer development and metastasis
      Title: Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2555639 in 15-PGDH and colorectal cancer metastasis.
    9. Down-regulation of HPGD by miR-146b-3p promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth through activation of STAT3 and AKT pathways.
      Title: Down-regulation of HPGD by miR-146b-3p promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth through activation of STAT3 and AKT pathways.
    10. The data indicate that HPGD-mediated suppression is a tissue- and context-dependent suppressive mechanism used by Regulatory T cells to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis.
      Title: Enzymatic Activity of HPGD in Treg Cells Suppresses Tconv Cells to Maintain Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Prevent Metabolic Dysfunction.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (96)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive, 1
    MedGen: C4551679 OMIM: 259100 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs
    Isolated congenital digital clubbing
    MedGen: C0345408 OMIM: 119900 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD+ binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables prostaglandin E receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in ductus arteriosus closure ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in female pregnancy IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in female pregnancy IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in kidney development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in lipoxygenase pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cell cycle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in ovulation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in parturition IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to estradiol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to ethanol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in basolateral plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]
    Names
    15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
    NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
    eicosanoid/docosanoid dehydrogenase
    hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)
    prostaglandin dehydrogenase 1
    short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 36C member 1
    NP_000851.2
    NP_001139288.1
    NP_001243230.1
    NP_001243234.1
    NP_001243235.1
    NP_001243236.1
    NP_001350503.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_011689.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5154..37467
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000860.6 → NP_000851.2  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000851.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC096751, AI435471, BC018986, DC420578
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3821.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DTA4, B4DU74, B4DV57, D3DP43, E7EV11, O00749, P15428, Q06F08, Q12998
      Related
      ENSP00000296522.6, ENST00000296522.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd05323
      Location:6 → 254
      ADH_SDR_c_like; insect type alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like, classical (c) SDRs

    2. NM_001145816.3 → NP_001139288.1  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139288.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 3' coding region resulting in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC096751, AI435471, AK300940, BC018986, DC420578, X82460
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS54821.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15428
      Related
      ENSP00000296521.7, ENST00000296521.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd05323
      Location:6 → 168
      ADH_SDR_c_like; insect type alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like, classical (c) SDRs

    3. NM_001256301.1 → NP_001243230.1  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243230.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. These differences result in translation at a downstream start codon and an isoform (3) with a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 3 and 6 encode the same protein (isoform 3).
      Source sequence(s)
      AI435471, AK296642, BC018986
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58933.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15428
      Related
      ENSP00000422418.1, ENST00000510901.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21454
      Location:1 → 133
      NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

    4. NM_001256305.2 → NP_001243234.1  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243234.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks two alternate exons in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift and early stop codon, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 4, which is shorter and contains a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC096751, AI435471, AK058013, BC018986, DC420578, U63296
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58935.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15428
      Related
      ENSP00000443644.1, ENST00000542498.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl25409
      Location:6 → 143
      SDR; Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR)

    5. NM_001256306.2 → NP_001243235.1  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243235.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 5, which is shorter but contains the same N- and C-termini, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC096751, AI435471, AK300125, BC018986
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58934.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15428
      Related
      ENSP00000398720.2, ENST00000422112.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl25409
      Location:6 → 186
      SDR; Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR)

    6. NM_001256307.2 → NP_001243236.1  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243236.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks a 5' exon compared to variant 1. This variant represents translation initiation at a downstream AUG compared to variant 1; the 5'-most initiation codon, as used in variant 1, is associated with a weak Kozak sequence and a truncated ORF that would render the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Leaky scanning may allow translation initiation at the downstream AUG, to encode an isoform (3) with a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 3 and 6 encode the same protein (isoform 3).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC096751, AI435471, AK300524, BC018986
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58933.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P15428
      Related
      ENSP00000438017.1, ENST00000541923.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21454
      Location:1 → 133
      NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

    7. NM_001363574.2 → NP_001350503.1  15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 6

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) differs in the 3' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (6) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC096751, BX396257
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS87280.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9PBZ2
      Related
      ENSP00000420892.1, ENST00000504433.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl25409
      Location:6 → 141
      SDR; Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      174490175..174522893 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RNA

    1. XR_938728.3 RNA Sequence

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      177829876..177862596 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RNA

    1. XR_008486974.1 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P15428.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P15428

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