Galr2 galanin receptor 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Symbol: Galr2provided by RGD
Full Name: galanin receptor 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2657
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000061733 AllianceGenome:RGD:2657
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: GAL2-R; GALR-2
Summary: Enables galanin receptor activity and neuropeptide binding activity. Involved in several processes, including adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; inositol phosphate metabolic process; and phosphatidylinositol metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cilium. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. Orthologous to human GALR2 (galanin receptor 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Annotation information: Note: In Rnor_6.0 (AR 105), the loci 29234 and 103690156 are placed twice on chromosome 10. This is likely an assembly error and not a true gene duplication. [28 May 2015]
Expression: Biased expression in Uterus (RPKM 41.1), Adrenal (RPKM 38.3) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q32.1

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (102012086..102016057)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (101513689..101517176)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (105156793..105159221)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Enhanced neuronal survival and BDNF elevation via long-term co-activation of galanin 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y1 receptors (NPY1R): potential therapeutic targets for major depressive disorder.
Title: Enhanced neuronal survival and BDNF elevation via long-term co-activation of galanin 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y1 receptors (NPY1R): potential therapeutic targets for major depressive disorder.
Effect of spexin on renal dysfunction in experimentally obese rats: potential mitigating mechanisms via galanin receptor-2.
Title: Effect of spexin on renal dysfunction in experimentally obese rats: potential mitigating mechanisms via galanin receptor-2.
activation of GalR2, probably through NPY or nitric oxide, induces c-Fos expression in the cuneate nucleus and transmits mechanical allodynia sensations to the thalamus.
Title: Elevated galanin receptor type 2 primarily contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity after median nerve injury.
Both the galanin and galanin receptor 2 mRNA expression and content increased significantly in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats.
Title: Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy.
data indicate a role for ETS-1 in the control of the GAL2R gene expression.
Title: Characterization of the Rat GAL2R Promoter: Positive Role of ETS-1 in Regulation of the Rat GAL2R Gene in PC12 Cells.
PG early treatment prevented Y1R upregulation and resulted in lower NPY, Y2R and GalR1 mRNA levels. In the chronic phase, injured rats showed well-established mechanical and cold allodynia and significant increases in galanin, NPY, GalR1 and Y1R mRNAs, while maintaining reduced GalR2 expression. Animals receiving PG treatment showed basal expression levels of galanin, NPY, GalR1 and Y1R, and reduced Y2R mRNA levels
Title: Spinal neuropeptide expression and neuropathic behavior in the acute and chronic phases after spinal cord injury: Effects of progesterone administration.
Results indicate that Galanin receptor 2/Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (GALR2/NPYY1R) interactions can provide a novel integrative mechanism in dentate gyrus in depression-related behavior and may give the basis for the development of drugs targeting GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus for the treatment of depression.
Title: Galanin receptor 2-neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor interactions in the dentate gyrus are related with antidepressant-like effects.
This study found that GALR2 mRNA was expressed in granulation tissue, including in pericytes, but only in pericytes that had been dissociated from endothelial cells.
Title: Expression of galanin and galanin receptor mRNA in skin during the formation of granulation tissue.
High level of endogenous galanin in injured primary afferents activates peripheral GalR2, which leads to an increase in C-fibre mechanical activation thresholds and a marked reduction in evoked and ongoing nociceptive responses.
Title: Activation of the galanin receptor 2 in the periphery reverses nerve injury-induced allodynia.
Data show that a galanin or a galanin receptor R2/3 agonist doubles the size of the ischemic lesion following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
Title: Effects of intracerebroventricular galanin or a galanin receptor 2/3 agonist on the lesion induced by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in female rats.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (21)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH131561 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:214844

Galr2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518477

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables galanin receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables galanin receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables galanin receptor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables galanin receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables neuropeptide binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables neuropeptide binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables peptide hormone binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables peptide hormone binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in galanin-activated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in inositol phosphate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuron projection development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in phosphatidylinositol metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cilium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin receptor type 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_019172.5 → NP_062045.1 galanin receptor type 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_062045.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000010

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O08726

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HKV4

Related

ENSRNOP00000073780.1, ENSRNOT00000086288.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15097
Location:26 → 303

7tmA_Gal2_Gal3_R; galanin receptor subtypes 2 and 3, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086028.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

102012086..102016057

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039085711.2 → XP_038941639.1 galanin receptor type 2 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd14964
Location:18 → 38

7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 4 [structural motif]

cl28897
Location:2 → 181

7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily
XM_039085710.2 → XP_038941638.1 galanin receptor type 2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HKV5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd14964
Location:25 → 45

7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 4 [structural motif]

cl28897
Location:8 → 188

7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily