Gadd45a growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gadd45aprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alphaprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2654
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000005615 AllianceGenome:RGD:2654
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Ddit1; Gadd45
Summary: Predicted to enable kinase binding activity; promoter-specific chromatin binding activity; and protein dimerization activity. Involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle. Predicted to be located in nuclear speck. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. Orthologous to human GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Heart (RPKM 275.4), Kidney (RPKM 270.2) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q31

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (97484497..97486799, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (96154789..96157091, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (97782512..97784814, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Role of GADD45A in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion through mediation of the JNK/p38 MAPK and STAT3/VEGF pathways.
Title: Role of GADD45A in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion through mediation of the JNK/p38 MAPK and STAT3/VEGF pathways.
Gadd45alpha affects retinal ganglion cell injury in chronic ocular hypertension rats by regulating p38MAPK pathway.
Title: Gadd45α affects retinal ganglion cell injury in chronic ocular hypertension rats by regulating p38MAPK pathway.
The data indicated that a single bout of preconditioning exercise prior to hindlimb unloading may exert a protective effect in disuse muscle atrophy in old rats and that these effects may be partially mediated by the HDAC4/Gadd45alpha axis.
Title: Exercise preconditioning attenuates hind limb unloading-induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy possibly via the HDAC4/Gadd45 axis in old rats.
A mechanism in which GADD45a is required for demethylation of the MMP-9 promoter and the induction of diabetic wound healing. The inhibition of GADD45a might be a therapeutic strategy for diabetic foot ulcers.
Title: GADD45a Promotes Active DNA Demethylation of the MMP-9 Promoter via Base Excision Repair Pathway in AGEs-Treated Keratinocytes and in Diabetic Male Rat Skin.
sublytic C5b-9-induced activation of Egr-1/p300-ATF3/Gadd45 axis plays a critical role in glomerular mesangial cells apoptosis in Thy-1N rats.
Title: Sublytic C5b-9 triggers glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis in rat Thy-1 nephritis via Gadd45 activation mediated by Egr-1 and p300-dependent ATF3 acetylation.
Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 (Gadd45) is known to relieve methylation-induced gene silencing by promoting DNA demethylation.
Title: Growth Arrest and DNA-damage-inducible Protein 45β-mediated DNA Demethylation of Voltage-dependent T-type Calcium Channel 3.2 Subunit Enhances Neuropathic Allodynia after Nerve Injury in Rats.
Report of sex differences in the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible factor beta (Gadd45b), but not family members alpha (a) or gamma (g), in the neonatal and juvenile rodent amygdala
Title: Sex differences in Gadd45b expression and methylation in the developing rodent amygdala.
These findings suggest that the potential engagement of GADD45a in IL-1b toxicity towards beta cells is limited to the effects induced by the basal expression level of this protein.
Title: Limited GADD45α expression and function in IL-1β toxicity towards insulin-producing cells.
reduced Gadd45alpha protein expression by forced miR-499 expression indicated it's a diabetes-associated gene which might potentially be involved in both DCM and DM-induced baroreflex dysfunction
Title: Gadd45α: a novel diabetes-associated gene potentially linking diabetic cardiomyopathy and baroreflex dysfunction.
A transient upregulation of the stress sensor GADD45alpha, a concurrent downregulation of TP53 and CASP3, followed by a constant upregulation of TP53 that precedes a constant upregulation of CASP3.
Title: Kinetics of GADD45α, TP53 and CASP3 gene expression in the rat lens in vivo in response to exposure to double threshold dose of UV-B radiation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

General gene information

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Markers

RH134659 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:217938

Gadd45a (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:546778

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables promoter-specific chromatin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables promoter-specific chromatin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein heterodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein heterodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in DNA damage response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to ionizing radiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to ionizing radiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in centrosome cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within centrosome cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of protein kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in signal transduction in response to DNA damage	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in signal transduction in response to DNA damage	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nuclear speck	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nuclear speck	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha

Names: DDIT-1; DNA damage-inducible transcript 1 protein; DNA-damage-inducible transcript 1; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_024127.2 → NP_077041.2 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_077041.2

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

BC081795

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P48317

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2DBD9, Q66HL6

Related

ENSRNOP00000007698.3, ENSRNOT00000007698.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01248
Location:21 → 105

Ribosomal_L7Ae; Ribosomal protein L7Ae/L30e/S12e/Gadd45 family