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    S spike protein [ Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ]

    Gene ID: 14254594, updated on 6-Oct-2024

    Summary

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    Gene symbol
    S
    Gene description
    spike protein
    Locus tag
    G128_gp02
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (strain: HCoV-EMC, isolate: HCoV-EMC/2012, nat-host: Homo sapiens)
    Lineage
    Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes; Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae; Betacoronavirus; Merbecovirus
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    Genomic context

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    Sequence:
    NC_019843.3 (21456..25517)

    NC_019843.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene 1A polyprotein;1AB polyprotein Neighboring gene NS3 protein Neighboring gene NS4A protein Neighboring gene NS4B protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_019843.3

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Identification of a receptor-binding domain in the S protein of the novel human coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an essential target for vaccine development. Du L, et al. J Virol, 2013 Sep. PMID 23824801, Free PMC Article
    2. Mutations in the Spike Protein of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmitted in Korea Increase Resistance to Antibody-Mediated Neutralization. Kleine-Weber H, et al. J Virol, 2019 Jan 15. PMID 30404801, Free PMC Article
    3. Structure of the fusion core and inhibition of fusion by a heptad repeat peptide derived from the S protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Gao J, et al. J Virol, 2013 Dec. PMID 24067982, Free PMC Article
    4. Structural basis for broad coronavirus neutralization. Sauer MM, et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2021 Jun. PMID 33981021
    5. Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor. Lu L, et al. Nat Commun, 2014. PMID 24473083, Free PMC Article

    See all (49) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Exploring the intrinsic dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein through normal mode analysis using anisotropic network model.
      Title: Exploring the intrinsic dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein through normal mode analysis using anisotropic network model.
    2. Here, the authors show that the spike (S) proteins of the prototypic Arabian MERS-CoV strain, human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012, and the above stated African MERS-CoV variants do not appreciably differ in expression, DPP4 binding and ability to drive entry into target cells.
      Title: Spike proteins of novel MERS-coronavirus isolates from North- and West-African dromedary camels mediate robust viral entry into human target cells.
    3. The cryo-EM structures of S in complex with 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid, 5-N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, sialyl-Lewis(X), alpha2,3-sialyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine and alpha2,6-sialyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine at 2.7-3.0 A resolution show that recognition occurs via a conserved groove that is essential for MERS-CoV S-mediated attachment to sialosides and entry into human airway epithelial cells.
      Title: Structures of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein in complex with sialoside attachment receptors.
    4. Adaptive evolution of MERS-CoV spike protein to species variation in DPP4 has been reported.
      Title: Adaptive Evolution of MERS-CoV to Species Variation in DPP4.
    5. Study confirms that changes D510G and I529T reduce S protein binding to DPP4 but show that this reduction only translates into diminished viral entry when expression of DPP4 on target cells is low. These mutations increased resistance of S protein-driven entry to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies and sera from MERS patients.
      Title: Mutations in the Spike Protein of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmitted in Korea Increase Resistance to Antibody-Mediated Neutralization.
    6. Identification and application of self-binding zipper-like sequences in SARS-CoV spike protein has been reported.
      Title: Identification and application of self-binding zipper-like sequences in SARS-CoV spike protein.
    7. high-resolution structures of the trimeric MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV S proteins in its pre-fusion conformation by single particle cryo-electron microscopy, are reported.
      Title: Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains.
    8. the furin inhibitor dec-RVKR-CMK blocked entry of MERS-CoV harboring an S protein lacking furin cleavage sites; it even blocked entry into furin-deficient LoVo cells. In addition, dec-RVKR-CMK inhibited not only the enzymatic activity of furin but also those of cathepsin L, cathepsin B, trypsin, papain, and TMPRSS2.
      Title: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Is Not Activated Directly by Cellular Furin during Viral Entry into Target Cells.
    9. MERS-CoV S protein binds to DPP4 to suppress macrophage activation via induction of IRAK-M, PPARgamma and the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
      Title: Middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus spike glycoprotein suppresses macrophage responses via DPP4-mediated induction of IRAK-M and PPARγ.
    10. the first structure of a coronavirus S glycoprotein trimer which provided a framework to understand the mechanisms of viral entry and suggested potential inhibition strategies for this family of viruses.
      Title: Crucial steps in the structure determination of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein using cryo-electron microscopy.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    spike protein
    Names
    surface glycoprotein

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_019843.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      21456..25517
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. YP_009047204.1 spike protein [Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for YP_009047204.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7S5HFR5, A0A7S5LK20, K0BRG7, W5ZZF5, W6A028
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd21486
      Location:368 → 586
      human_MERS-CoV_Spike_S1_RBD; receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the Spike (S) protein from human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
      cd21626
      Location:24 → 350
      MERS-CoV-like_Spike_S1_NTD; N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit of the Spike (S) protein from Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and related betacoronaviruses in the C lineage
      cd22379
      Location:608 → 1294
      MERS-CoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2; SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and related betacoronaviruses in the C lineage
      pfam19214
      Location:1316 → 1353
      CoV_S2_C; Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    AFS88936.1

    Gene LinkOut

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