U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

ULK2 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 9706, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
ULK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:13480
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000083290 MIM:608650; AllianceGenome:HGNC:13480
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ATG1B; Unc51.2
Summary
This gene encodes a protein that is similar to a serine/threonine kinase in C. elegans which is involved in axonal elongation. The structure of this protein is similar to the C. elegans protein in that both proteins have an N-terminal kinase domain, a central proline/serine rich (PS) domain, and a C-terminal (C) domain. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in testis (RPKM 16.5), brain (RPKM 7.4) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
Location:
17p11.2
Exon count:
28
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (19770830..19867936, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (19719468..19816591, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (19674143..19771249, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8298 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19648320-19649287 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11861 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19656044-19657243 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8299 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11862 Neighboring gene aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19662710-19663247 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19665775-19666275 Neighboring gene TBC1 domain family member 25 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11864 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904110 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19770366-19770874 Neighboring gene tRNA-Gly (anticodon CCC) 3-1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19801345-19801846 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19801847-19802346 Neighboring gene A-kinase anchoring protein 10 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8302 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19881511-19882224 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19890363-19891159 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19896026-19896559 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19898031-19898532 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19898533-19899032 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:19911474-19912041 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8303 Neighboring gene SPECC1 divergent transcript

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Association between Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Korean population. Kang WS, et al. Medicine (Baltimore), 2022 Feb 4. PMID 35119028, Free PMC Article
  2. Methylation silencing of ULK2 via epithelial-mesenchymal transition causes transformation to poorly differentiated gastric cancers. Motoo I, et al. Gastric Cancer, 2022 Mar. PMID 34554345
  3. Uncoordinated 51-like kinase 2 signaling pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 lung cancer cells. Kim YH, et al. FEBS Lett, 2016 May. PMID 27062295
  4. Coxsackievirus infection induces a non-canonical autophagy independent of the ULK and PI3K complexes. Mohamud Y, et al. Sci Rep, 2020 Nov 4. PMID 33149253, Free PMC Article
  5. Conservation of structure, function and inhibitor binding in UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1/2). Chaikuad A, et al. Biochem J, 2019 Mar 12. PMID 30782972, Free PMC Article

See all (50) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. ULK2 Is a Key Pro-Autophagy Protein That Contributes to the High Chemoresistance and Disease Relapse in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
    Title: ULK2 Is a Key Pro-Autophagy Protein That Contributes to the High Chemoresistance and Disease Relapse in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
  2. An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration.
    Title: An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration.
  3. CircARHGAP12 Triggers Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Autophagy to Facilitate its Effect on Repairing Diabetic Wounds by Sponging miR-301b-3p/ATG16L1 and miR-301b-3p/ULK2.
    Title: CircARHGAP12 Triggers Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Autophagy to Facilitate its Effect on Repairing Diabetic Wounds by Sponging miR-301b-3p/ATG16L1 and miR-301b-3p/ULK2.
  4. Methylation silencing of ULK2 via epithelial-mesenchymal transition causes transformation to poorly differentiated gastric cancers.
    Title: Methylation silencing of ULK2 via epithelial-mesenchymal transition causes transformation to poorly differentiated gastric cancers.
  5. Association between Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Korean population.
    Title: Association between Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Korean population.
  6. PKClambda/iota inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis.
    Title: PKCλ/ι inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis.
  7. Long noncoding RNA growth arrestspecific 5 (GAS5) acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting autophagy in breast cancer.
    Title: Long non‑coding RNA growth arrest‑specific 5 (GAS5) acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting autophagy in breast cancer.
  8. ULK complex organization in autophagy by a C-shaped FIP200 N-terminal domain dimer.
    Title: ULK complex organization in autophagy by a C-shaped FIP200 N-terminal domain dimer.
  9. Coxsackievirus infection induces a non-canonical autophagy independent of the ULK and PI3K complexes.
    Title: Coxsackievirus infection induces a non-canonical autophagy independent of the ULK and PI3K complexes.
  10. Copper is an essential regulator of the autophagic kinases ULK1/ULK2 to drive lung adenocarcinoma.
    Title: Copper is an essential regulator of the autophagic kinases ULK1/2 to drive lung adenocarcinoma.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • KIAA0623

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in autophagosome assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in autophagy IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in autophagy IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in autophagy of mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in axon extension IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in collateral sprouting IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of collateral sprouting IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in protein autophosphorylation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in protein autophosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to starvation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in response to starvation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in reticulophagy IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in autophagosome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in phagophore assembly site IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in phagophore assembly site membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in phagophore assembly site membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2
NP_001136082.1
NP_055498.3
XP_016880914.1
XP_047293103.1
XP_047293104.1
XP_054173938.1
XP_054173939.1
XP_054173940.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_047113.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4991..102097
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001142610.2 → NP_001136082.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001136082.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB014523, AC015726, AK314345, AL080134, BC034988, BC039310, DA105030
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS11213.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8MY69, O75119, Q8IYT8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KUZ9
    Related
    ENSP00000354877.2, ENST00000361658.6
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:9 → 271
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14201
    Location:2 → 272
    STKc_ULK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 2
    pfam12063
    Location:864 → 1029
    DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)

  2. NM_014683.4 → NP_055498.3  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_055498.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB014523, AC005722, AC015726, AK314345, AL080134, BC034988, BC039310, DA105030
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS11213.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8MY69, O75119, Q8IYT8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KUZ9
    Related
    ENSP00000378914.4, ENST00000395544.9
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:9 → 271
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14201
    Location:2 → 272
    STKc_ULK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 2
    pfam12063
    Location:864 → 1029
    DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    19770830..19867936 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047437147.1 → XP_047293103.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2

  2. XM_017025425.3 → XP_016880914.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KUZ9

  3. XM_047437148.1 → XP_047293104.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X3

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    19719468..19816591 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054317964.1 → XP_054173939.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2

  2. XM_054317963.1 → XP_054173938.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1

  3. XM_054317965.1 → XP_054173940.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X3

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8IYT8.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8IYT8

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous