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SNAP23 synaptosome associated protein 23 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8773, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
SNAP23provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
synaptosome associated protein 23provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11131
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000092531 MIM:602534; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11131
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
SNAP-23; SNAP23A; SNAP23B; HsT17016
Summary
Specificity of vesicular transport is regulated, in part, by the interaction of a vesicle-associated membrane protein termed synaptobrevin/VAMP with a target compartment membrane protein termed syntaxin. These proteins, together with SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), form a complex which serves as a binding site for the general membrane fusion machinery. Synaptobrevin/VAMP and syntaxin are believed to be involved in vesicular transport in most, if not all cells, while SNAP25 is present almost exclusively in the brain, suggesting that a ubiquitously expressed homolog of SNAP25 exists to facilitate transport vesicle/target membrane fusion in other tissues. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally and functionally similar to SNAP25 and binds tightly to multiple syntaxins and synaptobrevins/VAMPs. It is an essential component of the high affinity receptor for the general membrane fusion machinery and is an important regulator of transport vesicle docking and fusion. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in lymph node (RPKM 25.6), appendix (RPKM 23.5) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
15q15.1-q15.2
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 15 NC_000015.10 (42491129..42533058)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 15 NC_060939.1 (40297171..40339102)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 15 NC_000015.9 (42787832..42825256)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000015.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene calpain 3 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:42676684-42677239 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370794 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr15:42677734-42678933 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9299 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9300 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 106 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 188, pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:42749529-42750361 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:42750362-42751193 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9301 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9302 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9303 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:42787505-42788048 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:42788049-42788592 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2311 silencer Neighboring gene leucine rich repeat containing 57 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9304 Neighboring gene HAUS augmin like complex subunit 2 Neighboring gene MYL12B pseudogene 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. SNAP23 is essential for germination of EV-D68 replication organelles. Miller K, et al. Virology, 2023 Jan. PMID 36527930, Free PMC Article
  2. SNAP23-Mediated Perturbation of Cholesterol-Enriched Membrane Microdomain Promotes Extracellular Vesicle Production in Src-Activated Cancer Cells. Mitani F, et al. Biol Pharm Bull, 2022. PMID 36184518
  3. Let-7a regulates EV secretion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by targeting SNAP23 in colorectal cancer. Liu YD, et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021 Jan 14. PMID 33446221, Free PMC Article
  4. SNAP23 promotes the malignant process of ovarian cancer. Sun Q, et al. J Ovarian Res, 2016 Nov 17. PMID 27855700, Free PMC Article
  5. Synaptic vesicle-like lipidome of human cytomegalovirus virions reveals a role for SNARE machinery in virion egress. Liu ST, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2011 Aug 2. PMID 21768361, Free PMC Article

See all (164) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Syntaxin-4 and SNAP23 are involved in neutrophil degranulation, but not in the release of mitochondrial DNA during NET formation.
    Title: Syntaxin-4 and SNAP23 are involved in neutrophil degranulation, but not in the release of mitochondrial DNA during NET formation.
  2. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles delivering TNF-alpha promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the NF-kB/LAMB3/AKT axis by targeting SNAP23.
    Title: Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles delivering TNF-α promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the NF-kB/LAMB3/AKT axis by targeting SNAP23.
  3. SNAP23 is essential for germination of EV-D68 replication organelles.
    Title: SNAP23 is essential for germination of EV-D68 replication organelles.
  4. SNAP23-Mediated Perturbation of Cholesterol-Enriched Membrane Microdomain Promotes Extracellular Vesicle Production in Src-Activated Cancer Cells.
    Title: SNAP23-Mediated Perturbation of Cholesterol-Enriched Membrane Microdomain Promotes Extracellular Vesicle Production in Src-Activated Cancer Cells.
  5. Pancreas-specific SNAP23 depletion prevents pancreatitis by attenuating pathological basolateral exocytosis and formation of trypsin-activating autolysosomes.
    Title: Pancreas-specific SNAP23 depletion prevents pancreatitis by attenuating pathological basolateral exocytosis and formation of trypsin-activating autolysosomes.
  6. LINC00511 drives invasive behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating exosome secretion and invadopodia formation.
    Title: LINC00511 drives invasive behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating exosome secretion and invadopodia formation.
  7. Let-7a regulates EV secretion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by targeting SNAP23 in colorectal cancer.
    Title: Let-7a regulates EV secretion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by targeting SNAP23 in colorectal cancer.
  8. SNAP23 depletion enables more SNAP25/calcium channel excitosome formation to increase insulin exocytosis in type 2 diabetes.
    Title: SNAP23 depletion enables more SNAP25/calcium channel excitosome formation to increase insulin exocytosis in type 2 diabetes.
  9. IKKbeta activation promotes amphisome formation and extracellular vesicle secretion in tumor cells.
    Title: IKKβ activation promotes amphisome formation and extracellular vesicle secretion in tumor cells.
  10. Reduction in SNAP-23 Alters Microfilament Organization in Myofibrobastic Hepatic Stellate Cells.
    Title: Reduction in SNAP-23 Alters Microfilament Organization in Myofibrobastic Hepatic Stellate Cells.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (45)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables SNAP receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables syntaxin binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables syntaxin-1 binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in exocytosis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in histamine secretion by mast cell IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in membrane fusion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in synaptic vesicle priming IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in vesicle targeting TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of SNARE complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in adherens junction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in azurophil granule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in neuron projection IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in phagocytic vesicle membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in presynapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in specific granule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in specific granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
part_of synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in tertiary granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
synaptosomal-associated protein 23
Names
synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kD
synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kDa
synaptosome associated protein 23kDa
vesicle-membrane fusion protein SNAP-23

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_003825.4 → NP_003816.2  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform SNAP23A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003816.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) is the longer transcript, containing eight exons and encoding the full-length isoform (SNAP23A).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK290152, BC022890, BM782600
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10087.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287
    Related
    ENSP00000249647.3, ENST00000249647.8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd15884
    Location:149 → 207
    SNARE_SNAP23C; C-terminal SNARE motif of SNAP23
    cd15895
    Location:9 → 75
    SNARE_SNAP23N; N-terminal SNARE motif of SNAP23
    pfam00835
    Location:86 → 147
    SNAP-25; SNAP-25 family

  2. NM_130798.3 → NP_570710.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform SNAP23B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_570710.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks internal exon 6 but maintains the same reading frame as compared to transcript variant 1. It encodes an isoform (SNAP23B) which is missing 53 aa as compared to the full-length isoform (SNAP23A) encoded by transcript variant 1. The missing region is required for nonspecific binding of the protein to plasma membranes, indicating a functional difference between isoforms SNAP23A and SNAP23B.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK290152, BC022890, BM782600, DA650133
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10088.1
    Related
    ENSP00000207062.1, ENST00000349777.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd15884
    Location:96 → 154
    SNARE_SNAP23C; C-terminal SNARE motif of SNAP23
    cl22856
    Location:9 → 75
    SNARE; SNARE motif

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000015.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    42491129..42533058
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047433203.1 → XP_047289159.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287

  2. XM_017022694.2 → XP_016878183.2  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287

  3. XM_047433202.1 → XP_047289158.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287

  4. XM_047433199.1 → XP_047289155.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X1

  5. XM_047433200.1 → XP_047289156.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X1

  6. XM_006720725.4 → XP_006720788.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006720788.1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd15884
    Location:160 → 218
    SNARE_SNAP23C; C-terminal SNARE motif of SNAP23
    cd15895
    Location:9 → 75
    SNARE_SNAP23N; N-terminal SNARE motif of SNAP23
    pfam00835
    Location:100 → 158
    SNAP-25; SNAP-25 family

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060939.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    40297171..40339102
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054379043.1 → XP_054235018.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287

  2. XM_054379042.1 → XP_054235017.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287

  3. XM_054379041.1 → XP_054235016.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00161, O00162, Q13602, Q6IAE3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K287

  4. XM_054379040.1 → XP_054235015.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X1

  5. XM_054379039.1 → XP_054235014.1  synaptosomal-associated protein 23 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O00161.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O00161

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