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ATRN attractin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8455, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ATRNprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
attractinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:885
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000088812 MIM:603130; AllianceGenome:HGNC:885
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MGCA; DPPT-L
Summary
This gene encodes both membrane-bound and secreted protein isoforms. A membrane-bound isoform exhibits sequence similarity with the mouse mahogany protein, a receptor involved in controlling obesity. A secreted isoform is involved in the initial immune cell clustering during inflammatory responses that may regulate the chemotactic activity of chemokines. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in duodenum (RPKM 20.8), thyroid (RPKM 17.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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Location:
20p13
Exon count:
31
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 20 NC_000020.11 (3471018..3651118)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 20 NC_060944.1 (3501888..3682059)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 20 NC_000020.10 (3451665..3631765)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene dynein axonemal assembly factor 9 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12618 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12619 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12620 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17478 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3389216-3389717 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372508 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372509 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17479 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17480 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12621 Neighboring gene splicing factor 3a, subunit 3 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr20:3601641-3601840 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17481 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12622 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12623 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3647557-3648086 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3651223-3651828 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3657784-3658386 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3658990-3659591 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:3662082-3662975 Neighboring gene GDNF family receptor alpha 4 Neighboring gene ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy associated with a deleterious mutation in the ATRN gene. Shahrour MA, et al. Neurogenetics, 2017 Jul. PMID 28493104
  2. Attractin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26-like enzyme, is expressed on human peripheral blood monocytes and potentially influences monocyte function. Wrenger S, et al. J Leukoc Biol, 2006 Sep. PMID 16835316
  3. Isolation and characterization of attractin-2. Friedrich D, et al. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2003. PMID 12675230
  4. Secreted and membrane attractin result from alternative splicing of the human ATRN gene. Tang W, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000 May 23. PMID 10811918, Free PMC Article
  5. Attractin (DPPT-L), a member of the CUB family of cell adhesion and guidance proteins, is secreted by activated human T lymphocytes and modulates immune cell interactions. Duke-Cohan JS, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998 Sep 15. PMID 9736737, Free PMC Article

See all (46) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. ATRN encodes Attractin, which was previously shown to play a critical role in central myelination
    Title: Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy associated with a deleterious mutation in the ATRN gene.
  2. Data indicate that Attractin was involved in male reproduction in both human and BALB/c mice, but it exerted a different expression profile in different species.
    Title: Expression of Attractin in male reproductive tract of human and mice and its correlation with male reproduction.
  3. The levels of both dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and attractin in circulating monocytes were significantly higher in obese subjects as compared with levels in lean controls or in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Title: Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and attractin expression is increased in circulating blood monocytes of obese human subjects.
  4. Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.
  5. associated with spermatozoa
    Title: Novel partners of SPAG11B isoform D in the human male reproductive tract.
  6. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Genetic variants in pigmentation genes, pigmentary phenotypes, and risk of skin cancer in Caucasians.
  7. It is the first time expression of attractin on monocytes and provide first data suggesting that drugs directed to DP IV-like enzyme activity could affect monocyte function via attractin inhibition.
    Title: Attractin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26-like enzyme, is expressed on human peripheral blood monocytes and potentially influences monocyte function.
  8. This protein is isolated from human blood and characterized.
    Title: Isolation and characterization of attractin-2.
  9. The product of the murine "Mahogany" locus, controlling agouti-mediated melanocyte pigmentation and control of energy metabolism, is the murine ortholog of human attractin.
    Title: The mouse mahogany locus encodes a transmembrane form of human attractin.
  10. Through use of PCR from hamster-human somatic cell hybrids, localizes the EST AB011120 (KIAA0548) to human chromosome 20p13. AB011120 encodes the central to 3' UTR of the membrane form of human attractin.
    Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • KIAA0548, MGC126754

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables carbohydrate binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables signaling receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cerebellum development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in inflammatory response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in myelination IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in pigmentation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of multicellular organism growth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in Golgi apparatus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
attractin
Names
attractin-2
mahogany homolog
mahogany protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029406.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..185101
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001207047.3 → NP_001193976.1  attractin isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate splice junction at the 3' end of the first exon and differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) has distinct N- and C-termini compared to isoform 1. Unlike isoform 1, which is membrane-bound, isoform 4 is secreted.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK293010, AK302730, AL132773, BC101705, DA368237
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DZ36
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    cd03597
    Location:672 → 804
    CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
    cd00041
    Location:23 → 131
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cd00055
    Location:946 → 991
    EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
    sd00038
    Location:385 → 434
    Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
    pfam01437
    Location:816 → 867
    PSI; Plexin repeat
    pfam13415
    Location:234 → 284
    Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
    pfam13854
    Location:274 → 312
    Kelch_5; Kelch motif

  2. NM_001323332.2 → NP_001310261.1  attractin isoform 5 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK293010, AL132773
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DZ36
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    cd03597
    Location:788 → 920
    CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
    cd00041
    Location:132 → 247
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cd00055
    Location:1062 → 1107
    EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
    sd00038
    Location:501 → 550
    Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
    pfam01437
    Location:932 → 983
    PSI; Plexin repeat
    pfam13415
    Location:350 → 400
    Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
    pfam13854
    Location:392 → 428
    Kelch_5; Kelch motif

  3. NM_139321.3 → NP_647537.1  attractin isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_647537.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest protein (isoform 1), which is contained in the membrane.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB011120, AL132773, BC101705, BE326239, DB240822, EC440053
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13053.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8KAE5, O60295, O75882, O95414, Q3MIT3, Q5TDA2, Q5TDA4, Q5VYW3, Q9NTQ3, Q9NTQ4, Q9NU01, Q9NZ57, Q9NZ58, Q9UC75, Q9UDF5
    Related
    ENSP00000262919.5, ENST00000262919.10
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    cd03597
    Location:788 → 920
    CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
    cd00041
    Location:132 → 247
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cd00055
    Location:1062 → 1107
    EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
    sd00038
    Location:501 → 550
    Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
    pfam01437
    Location:932 → 983
    PSI; Plexin repeat
    pfam13415
    Location:350 → 400
    Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
    pfam13854
    Location:390 → 428
    Kelch_5; Kelch motif

  4. NM_139322.4 → NP_647538.1  attractin isoform 2 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_647538.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (2) with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1. Unlike isoform 1, which is membrane-bound, isoform 2 is secreted.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK293010, AK302730, AL132773, BC101705, EC440053
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13054.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DZ36
    Related
    ENSP00000416587.2, ENST00000446916.2
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    cd03597
    Location:788 → 920
    CLECT_attractin_like; C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human and mouse attractin (AtrN) and attractin-like protein (ALP)
    cd00041
    Location:132 → 247
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cd00055
    Location:1062 → 1107
    EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
    sd00038
    Location:501 → 550
    Kelch; KELCH repeat [structural motif]
    pfam01437
    Location:932 → 983
    PSI; Plexin repeat
    pfam13415
    Location:350 → 400
    Kelch_3; Galactose oxidase, central domain
    pfam13854
    Location:392 → 428
    Kelch_5; Kelch motif

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    3471018..3651118
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060944.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    3501888..3682059
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_012070.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_012070.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it was based on a sequence representing a cloning artifact.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O75882.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O75882

Gene LinkOut

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