CPK6 Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Gene symbol: CPK6
Gene description: Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein
Primary source: Araport:AT2G17290
Locus tag: AT2G17290
See related: TAIR:AT2G17290
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 6; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA CALMODULIN-DOMAIN PROTEIN KINASE 3; ATCDPK3; ATCPK6; calcium dependent protein kinase 6; CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 6; CALMODULIN-DOMAIN PROTEIN KINASE 3; F5J6.13; F5J6_13
Summary: Encodes calcium dependent protein kinase 6 (CPK6), a member of the Arabidopsis CDPK gene family. CDPKs contain an intrinsic Ca2+-activation domain with four EF hand Ca2+-binding sites. CDPKs protein kinases have been proposed to function in multiple plant signal transduction pathways downstream of [Ca2+]cyt elevations, thus transducing various physiological responses. CPK6 is expressed in both guard cells and mesophyll cells. Functions in guard cell ion channel regulation. ABA and Ca(2+) activation of slow-type anion channels and, interestingly, ABA activation of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels were impaired in independent alleles of single and double cpk3cpk6 mutant guard cells. Furthermore, ABA- and Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closing were partially impaired in these cpk3cpk6 mutant alleles. The protein kinase CPK6 is shown in biochemical assays to be directly activated by elevations in calcium concentrations in the physiological range (Laanements et al., 2013 PlantPhys.; PMID: 23766366). These data correlate with the in vivo function of CPK6 in Ca2+ and ABA activation of S-type anion channels (Mori et al., 2006 PLoS Biol.; PMID: 17032064) and the ability of CPK6 to mediate ABA activation of SLAC1 (Brandt et al., 2012 PNAS; PMID: 22689970).
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Genomic context

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See CPK6 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 2

Exon count:: 8

Sequence:: Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (7516330..7519662)

Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003071.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Calcium-dependent ABA signaling functions in stomatal immunity by regulating rapid SA responses in guard cells.
Title: Calcium-dependent ABA signaling functions in stomatal immunity by regulating rapid SA responses in guard cells.
Ca(2+)-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 Enhances KAT2 Shaker Channel Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Title: Ca(2+)-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 Enhances KAT2 Shaker Channel Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Arabidopsis CPK6 positively regulates ABA signaling and drought tolerance through phosphorylating ABA-responsive element-binding factors.
Title: Arabidopsis CPK6 positively regulates ABA signaling and drought tolerance through phosphorylating ABA-responsive element-binding factors.
SLAC1 activation by CPK6 or CBL5-CIPK11 was strictly dependent on dual lipid modification.
Title: N-myristoylation and S-acylation are common modifications of Ca(2+) -regulated Arabidopsis kinases and are required for activation of the SLAC1 anion channel.
Results indicate that Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases CPK3 and CPK6 protein kinases function downstream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cell salicylic acid (SA) signaling.
Title: Guard Cell Salicylic Acid Signaling Is Integrated into Abscisic Acid Signaling via the Ca(2+)/CPK-Dependent Pathway.
(CPK6 and CPK33) are expressed in shoot apical meristem and directly interact with FD, suggesting they have redundant functions
Title: Calcium-dependent protein kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of a bZIP transcription factor FD crucial for the florigen complex formation.
CPK6 positively functions in induction by yeast elicitor (YEL) of stomatal closure and inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis.
Title: Calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK6 positively functions in induction by yeast elicitor of stomatal closure and inhibition by yeast elicitor of light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis.
These results provide genetic evidence that CPK6 has a different role from CPK3 and functions as a positive regulator of methyl jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells.
Title: The Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase, CPK6, functions as a positive regulator of methyl jasmonate signaling in guard cells.
AtCPK6 is functionally redundant and a positive regulator involved in the tolerance to salt/drought stress in Arabidopsis.
Title: AtCPK6, a functionally redundant and positive regulator involved in salt/drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
CPK6 functions in guard cell ion channel regulation and provide genetic evidence for calcium sensors that transduce stomatal ABA signaling.
Title: CDPKs CPK6 and CPK3 function in ABA regulation of guard cell S-type anion- and Ca(2+)-permeable channels and stomatal closure.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_127284.3

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables calcium ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	HDA more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein autophosphorylation	HDA more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of stomatal movement	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of stomatal opening	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
NOT located_in cytosol	RCA inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein

NP_565411.2

calcium dependent protein kinase 6 (CPK6); FUNCTIONS IN: in 6 functions; INVOLVED IN: regulation of anion channel activity, protein amino acid phosphorylation, N-terminal protein myristoylation, abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway, regulation of stomatal movement; LOCATED IN: cytosol, plasma membrane, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 26 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 15 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site (InterPro:IPR018247), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), EF-hand-like domain (InterPro:IPR011992), Calcium-binding EF-hand (InterPro:IPR002048), EF-hand (InterPro:IPR018248), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), EF-HAND 2 (InterPro:IPR018249), Calcium-dependent protein kinase (InterPro:IPR020642), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like (InterPro:IPR020636); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: calmodulin-domain protein kinase 5 (TAIR:AT4G35310.1); Has 133264 Blast hits to 125497 proteins in 3863 species: Archae - 149; Bacteria - 13464; Metazoa - 49073; Fungi - 17503; Plants - 30048; Viruses - 473; Other Eukaryotes - 22554 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

Range

7516330..7519662

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001335545.1 → NP_001324056.1 Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q38872, Q39014

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VTH2, A0A5S9WYZ6
NM_127284.3 → NP_565411.2 Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_565411.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q38872, Q39014

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VTH2, A0A5S9WYZ6

Conserved Domains (4) summary

PTZ00184
Location:379 → 521

PTZ00184; calmodulin; Provisional

cd00051
Location:462 → 522

EFh; EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to ...

cd05117
Location:85 → 342

STKc_CAMK; The catalytic domain of CAMK family Serine/Threonine Kinases

pfam00069
Location:85 → 343

Pkinase; Protein kinase domain