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GPR68 G protein-coupled receptor 68 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8111, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GPR68provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
G protein-coupled receptor 68provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4519
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000119714 MIM:601404; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4519
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
OGR1; AI2A6; GPR12A
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor for sphingosylphosphorylcholine. The encoded protein is a proton-sensing receptor, inactive at pH 7.8 but active at pH 6.8. Mutations in this gene are a cause of amelogenesis imperfecta. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]
Expression
Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 1.7), skin (RPKM 1.5) and 22 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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Location:
14q32.11
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (91232532..91270790, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (85458030..85496278, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (91698876..91720224, complement)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene D-glutamate cyclase Neighboring gene RNA, U7 small nuclear 30 pseudogene Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91579864-91580776 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8892 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91582717-91583218 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91585689-91586888 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15407 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8893 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8894 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 11B Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:91619068-91619346 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3148 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8896 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8897 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8895 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8898 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8899 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8900 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91710745-91711246 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6019 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91719939-91720470 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91720471-91721002 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr14.1904 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4292 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr14.1906 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:91749514-91749720 Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 88C Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6022 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6023 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91771631-91772466 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91772467-91773300 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8902 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8903 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8904 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8905 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8906 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91818809-91819780 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91821242-91821752 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91826469-91826970 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91826971-91827470 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8907 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6024 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8908 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8909 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8910 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984673 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91838097-91838709 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8911 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91841845-91842517 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8912 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91843867-91844540 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370624 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6025 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91848585-91849375 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91849376-91850165 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91853480-91854308 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91854309-91855135 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8913 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91864835-91865466 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8914 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91866728-91867357

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface. van Setten GB. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2023 Jan. PMID 36503812
  2. GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. van Setten GB. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2022 Oct. PMID 35623913
  3. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. de Vallière C, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Jan 26. PMID 35163345, Free PMC Article
  4. A missense mutation of Leu74Pro of OGR1 found in familial amelogenesis imperfecta actually causes the loss of the pH-sensing mechanism. Sato K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020 Jun 11. PMID 32279993
  5. Coincidence Detection of Membrane Stretch and Extracellular pH by the Proton-Sensing Receptor OGR1 (GPR68). Wei WC, et al. Curr Biol, 2018 Dec 3. PMID 30471999

See all (48) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. pH-sensing G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR68 is expressed in human cartilage and correlates with degradation of extracellular matrix during OA progression.
    Title: pH-sensing G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR68 is expressed in human cartilage and correlates with degradation of extracellular matrix during OA progression.
  2. Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface.
    Title: Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface.
  3. GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
    Title: GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
  4. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis.
    Title: pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis.
  5. The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing.
    Title: The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing.
  6. GPR68 Is a Neuroprotective Proton Receptor in Brain Ischemia.
    Title: GPR68 Is a Neuroprotective Proton Receptor in Brain Ischemia.
  7. Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors.
    Title: Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors.
  8. CRISPR-addressable yeast strains with applications in human G protein-coupled receptor profiling and synthetic biology.
    Title: CRISPR-addressable yeast strains with applications in human G protein-coupled receptor profiling and synthetic biology.
  9. A missense mutation of Leu74Pro of OGR1 found in familial amelogenesis imperfecta actually causes the loss of the pH-sensing mechanism.
    Title: A missense mutation of Leu74Pro of OGR1 found in familial amelogenesis imperfecta actually causes the loss of the pH-sensing mechanism.
  10. Ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) (aka GPR68) acts as coincidence detector of membrane stretch and its physiological ligand, extracellular H(+). OGR1 only responds to extracellular acidification under conditions of membrane stretch and vice versa.
    Title: Coincidence Detection of Membrane Stretch and Extracellular pH by the Proton-Sensing Receptor OGR1 (GPR68).
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (34)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Amelogenesis imperfecta, hypomaturation type, IIa6
MedGen: C4310665 OMIM: 617217 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC111379, MGC156983

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to pH IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in inflammatory response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in insulin secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in monocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of monocyte differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in osteoclast development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of osteoclast development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1
Names
ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor, 1
sphingosylphosphorylcholine receptor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_052988.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    31086..43258
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001177676.2 → NP_001171147.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171147.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 3. Variants 1-3 all encode the same protein. There is an upstream in-frame AUG (uAUG) present; however, translation is thought to begin from the annotated downstream AUG due to inhibition of the uAUG by a small overlapping open reading frame.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL135818, BC098567, BC128536
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9894.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13334, Q15743, Q4VBB4, Q6IX34
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Related
    ENSP00000498702.1, ENST00000650645.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:22 → 297
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  2. NM_001348437.1 → NP_001335366.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents th longest transcript. Variants 1-3 all encode the same protein. There is an upstream in-frame AUG (uAUG) present; however, translation is thought to begin from the annotated downstream AUG due to inhibition of the uAUG by a small overlapping open reading frame.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL135818
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9894.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13334, Q15743, Q4VBB4, Q6IX34
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:22 → 297
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  3. NM_003485.3 → NP_003476.3  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003476.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 3. Variants 1-3 all encode the same protein. There is an upstream in-frame AUG (uAUG) present; however, translation is thought to begin from the annotated downstream AUG due to inhibition of the uAUG by a small overlapping open reading frame.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC098567, BM723705
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9894.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13334, Q15743, Q4VBB4, Q6IX34
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Related
    ENSP00000434045.2, ENST00000531499.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:22 → 297
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    91232532..91270790 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047431792.1 → XP_047287748.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  2. XM_005268112.4 → XP_005268169.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005268169.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:32 → 307
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  3. XM_047431790.1 → XP_047287746.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  4. XM_005268111.4 → XP_005268168.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005268168.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:32 → 307
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  5. XM_047431791.1 → XP_047287747.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  6. XM_005268110.5 → XP_005268167.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005268167.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:32 → 307
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  7. XM_011537197.4 → XP_011535499.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011535499.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:32 → 307
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  8. XM_011537198.3 → XP_011535500.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011535500.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:32 → 307
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  9. XM_011537199.3 → XP_011535501.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011535501.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NWR5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15367
    Location:32 → 307
    7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    85458030..85496278 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054376772.1 → XP_054232747.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  2. XM_054376767.1 → XP_054232742.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  3. XM_054376769.1 → XP_054232744.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  4. XM_054376766.1 → XP_054232741.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  5. XM_054376768.1 → XP_054232743.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  6. XM_054376770.1 → XP_054232745.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

  7. XM_054376771.1 → XP_054232746.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q15743.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q15743

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