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VRK1 VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 7443, updated on 16-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
VRK1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
VRK serine/threonine kinase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:12718
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000100749 MIM:602168; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12718
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PCH1; PCH1A; HMNR10
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, thymus, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the nucleus and has been shown to promote the stability and nuclear accumulation of a transcriptionally active p53 molecule and, in vitro, to phosphorylate Thr18 of p53 and reduce p53 ubiquitination. This gene, therefore, may regulate cell proliferation. This protein also phosphorylates histone, casein, and the transcription factors ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) and c-JUN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 15.9), testis (RPKM 12.9) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
14q32.2
Exon count:
15
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (96797382..96881609)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (91029172..91113426)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (97263719..97347946)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370645 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97142464-97143129 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97160138-97160738 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8990 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8991 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97207194-97207694 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6057 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2299 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97221641-97222451 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8992 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6058 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97264045-97264576 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8993 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 618 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2247 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97455145-97455646 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903376

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. VRK1 variants at the cross road of Cajal body neuropathogenic mechanisms in distal neuropathies and motor neuron diseases. Lazo PA, et al. Neurobiol Dis, 2023 Jul. PMID 37257665
  2. Downregulating vaccinia-related kinase 1 by luteolin suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by activating the p53 signaling pathway. Chang X, et al. Gynecol Oncol, 2023 Jun. PMID 37075494
  3. VRK1 Is a Synthetic-Lethal Target in VRK2-Deficient Glioblastoma. Shields JA, et al. Cancer Res, 2022 Nov 2. PMID 36069976, Free PMC Article
  4. Dysregulation of Cellular VRK1, BAF, and Innate Immune Signaling by the Vaccinia Virus B12 Pseudokinase. Linville AC, et al. J Virol, 2022 Jun 8. PMID 35543552, Free PMC Article
  5. Inhibition of VRK1 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and intima hyperplasia after injury via mTORC1/β-catenin axis. Sun X, et al. BMB Rep, 2022 May. PMID 35410639, Free PMC Article

See all (122) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. VRK1 promotes DNA-induced type I interferon production.
    Title: VRK1 promotes DNA-induced type I interferon production.
  2. Loss of VRK1 alters the nuclear phosphoproteome in the DNA damage response to doxorubicin.
    Title: Loss of VRK1 alters the nuclear phosphoproteome in the DNA damage response to doxorubicin.
  3. Downregulation of VRK1 Inhibits Progression of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma through DNA Damage.
    Title: Downregulation of VRK1 Inhibits Progression of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma through DNA Damage.
  4. VRK1 variants at the cross road of Cajal body neuropathogenic mechanisms in distal neuropathies and motor neuron diseases.
    Title: VRK1 variants at the cross road of Cajal body neuropathogenic mechanisms in distal neuropathies and motor neuron diseases.
  5. Downregulating vaccinia-related kinase 1 by luteolin suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by activating the p53 signaling pathway.
    Title: Downregulating vaccinia-related kinase 1 by luteolin suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by activating the p53 signaling pathway.
  6. Circvrk1 downregulation attenuates brain microvascular endothelial cell damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation through modulating the miR-150-5p/MLLT1 axis.
    Title: Circvrk1 downregulation attenuates brain microvascular endothelial cell damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation through modulating the miR-150-5p/MLLT1 axis.
  7. VRK1 Is a Synthetic-Lethal Target in VRK2-Deficient Glioblastoma.
    Title: VRK1 Is a Synthetic-Lethal Target in VRK2-Deficient Glioblastoma.
  8. VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter-methylated cancers of the nervous system.
    Title: VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter-methylated cancers of the nervous system.
  9. Dysregulation of Cellular VRK1, BAF, and Innate Immune Signaling by the Vaccinia Virus B12 Pseudokinase.
    Title: Dysregulation of Cellular VRK1, BAF, and Innate Immune Signaling by the Vaccinia Virus B12 Pseudokinase.
  10. Inhibition of VRK1 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and intima hyperplasia after injury via mTORC1/beta-catenin axis.
    Title: Inhibition of VRK1 suppresses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and intima hyperplasia after injury via mTORC1/β-catenin axis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (68)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal recessive 10
MedGen: CN375628 OMIM: 620542 GeneReviews: Not available
not available
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1A
MedGen: C1843504 OMIM: 607596 GeneReviews: Not available
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EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Duffy-null-associated low neutrophil counts influence HIV-1 susceptibility in high-risk South African black women.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome wide association study of SNP-, gene-, and pathway-based approaches to identify genes influencing susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infections.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Heritability and genetic association analysis of cognition in the Diabetes Heart Study.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC117401, MGC138280, MGC142070

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables histone H3S10 kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone H3T3 kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in Golgi disassembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in chromatin remodeling IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to chromatin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein autophosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein phosphorylation TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi stack IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleolus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1
Names
vaccinia related kinase 1
vaccinia virus B1R-related kinase 1
NP_001397980.1
NP_001397982.1
NP_003375.1
XP_016877114.1
XP_016877115.1
XP_047287708.1
XP_047287709.1
XP_047287710.1
XP_047287711.1
XP_047287712.1
XP_054232665.1
XP_054232666.1
XP_054232667.1
XP_054232668.1
XP_054232669.1
XP_054232670.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_016293.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5036..89263
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001411051.1 → NP_001397980.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL133168
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91928.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H0YJF7
    Related
    ENSP00000451412.2, ENST00000553683.2

  2. NM_001411053.1 → NP_001397982.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL133168
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91929.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7P0T838
    Related
    ENSP00000504933.1, ENST00000681195.1

  3. NM_003384.3 → NP_003375.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003375.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL133168, BU535261, CA436761
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9947.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3SYL2, Q99986
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7P0T9E5, A8K245
    Related
    ENSP00000216639.3, ENST00000216639.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd14122
    Location:26 → 326
    STKc_VRK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 1

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    96797382..96881609
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047431755.1 → XP_047287711.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X3

  2. XM_017021626.3 → XP_016877115.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7P0T814, A0A7P0TB08
    Related
    ENSP00000506517.1, ENST00000679736.1

  3. XM_047431752.1 → XP_047287708.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X1

  4. XM_017021625.2 → XP_016877114.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7P0T9E5, A8K245

  5. XM_047431754.1 → XP_047287710.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X2

  6. XM_047431756.1 → XP_047287712.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X5

  7. XM_047431753.1 → XP_047287709.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    91029172..91113426
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054376692.1 → XP_054232667.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X3

  2. XM_054376695.1 → XP_054232670.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7P0TB08

  3. XM_054376690.1 → XP_054232665.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X1

  4. XM_054376693.1 → XP_054232668.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X4

  5. XM_054376691.1 → XP_054232666.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X2

  6. XM_054376694.1 → XP_054232669.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 isoform X5

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q99986.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q99986

Gene LinkOut

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