U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5601, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
MAPK9provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
mitogen-activated protein kinase 9provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:6886
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000050748 MIM:602896; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6886
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
JNK2; SAPK; p54a; JNK2A; JNK2B; PRKM9; JNK-55; SAPK1a; JNK2BETA; p54aSAPK; JNK2ALPHA
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 22.1), thyroid (RPKM 10.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Location:
5q35.3
Exon count:
18
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (180233143..180292083, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (180788589..180847539, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (179660143..179719083, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901218 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S8 pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 670 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16763 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901151 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179719561-179720203 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179726045-179726545 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179732911-179733425 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179733426-179733939 Neighboring gene glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4162 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179750129-179750814 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179755849-179756838 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179756839-179757826 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179758817-179759804 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179760793-179761780 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179763140-179763684 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179763685-179764228 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8548 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179770451-179771368 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179778490-179778990

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 activates NMDA receptor directly and phosphorylates JNK through a gp120-mediated apoptotic pathway in human neuroblastoma cells PubMed
env CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptor engagement by HIV-1 gp120 in primary macrophages activates 2 members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK PubMed
env Pretreatment of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 gp120 followed by stimulation with jacalin results in marked inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK2 as well as JNK PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p42 extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) in primary human central nervous system (CNS) cells with an early peak of activation at 2 to 5 minutes PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs, including ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK) is induced by incubation of HIV-1 gp160 with CD4+complement receptor type 2 (CR2)+ cells PubMed
env Pre-incubation of CD4+ T lymphocytes with anti-CD4 mAb or HIV-1 gp160 inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin PubMed
Pr55(Gag) gag The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with JNK2 PubMed
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38, AKT1, MEK-1, and STAT-1alpha in Muller glia PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables JUN kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables JUN kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables JUN kinase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
involved_in JNK cascade IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in JNK cascade IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to cadmium ion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to reactive oxygen species IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to reactive oxygen species IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular senescence TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
involved_in inflammatory response to wounding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of podosome assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in protein localization to tricellular tight junction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in protein phosphorylation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in rhythmic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in mitochondrion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in nuclear speck IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
Names
Jun kinase
MAP kinase 9
MAPK 9
c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2
c-Jun kinase 2
stress-activated protein kinase 1a
stress-activated protein kinase JNK2
NP_001128516.1
NP_001295173.1
NP_001351536.1
NP_001351537.1
NP_001351538.1
NP_001351539.1
NP_001351540.1
NP_001351541.1
NP_001351542.1
NP_002743.3
NP_620707.1
NP_620708.1
NP_620709.1
XP_016865132.1
XP_047273343.1
XP_054208909.1
XP_054208910.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029059.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4989..63929
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001135044.2NP_001128516.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform JNK2 gamma

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001128516.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-g) differs in the 3' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant JNK2-b2. The resulting isoform (JNK2 gamma) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform JNK2 beta2. Variants JNK2-g and 10 both encode the same isoform (JNK2 gamma).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115, DB451562, EU927388, U35002
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS47356.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P45984
    Related
    ENSP00000397422.2, ENST00000425491.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:25231
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  2. NM_001308244.1NP_001295173.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform gamma2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001295173.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-g2) lacks several 3' exons but contains alternate 3' exon structure, and it thus differs in the 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant JNK2-b2. The encoded isoform (gamma2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform beta2. The 5' UTR of this variant is incomplete due to a lack of 5'-complete transcript support for this variant.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK289638, BF056535, CX758487, HM036706
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS78103.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D7R525
    Related
    ENSP00000443149.1, ENST00000539014.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:25205
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  3. NM_001364607.2NP_001351536.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7), as well as variant JNK2-a1, encodes isoform alpha1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS43409.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D7R526
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  4. NM_001364608.2NP_001351537.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (8), as well as variant JNK2-a2, encodes isoform alpha2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4453.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0S3, B5BU66, B5M0B4, D3DWQ8, D3DWQ9, P45984, Q15708, Q15710, Q15711, Q8N5C5
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  5. NM_001364609.2NP_001351538.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform beta2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (9), as well as variant JNK2-b2, encodes isoform beta2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4454.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  6. NM_001364610.2NP_001351539.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform JNK2 gamma

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (10), as well as variant JNK2-g, encodes isoform JNK2 gamma.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS47356.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:25231
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  7. NM_001364611.2NP_001351540.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 11

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (11), as well as variant 12, encodes isoform 11.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:18334
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  8. NM_001364612.2NP_001351541.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 11

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (12), as well as variant 11, encodes isoform 11.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:18334
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  9. NM_001364613.2NP_001351542.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 12

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:18334
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  10. NM_002752.5NP_002743.3  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002743.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-a2) encodes the longer of the two JNK2 alpha isoforms (JNK2 alpha2). The JNK2-a2 variant differs from the JNK2-b2 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 alpha2 isoform is the same length as JNK2 beta2 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment. Variants JNK2-a2 and 8 both encode the same isoform (alpha2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115, BC032539, DB451562
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4453.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K0S3, B5BU66, B5M0B4, D3DWQ8, D3DWQ9, P45984, Q15708, Q15710, Q15711, Q8N5C5
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Related
    ENSP00000394560.2, ENST00000452135.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  11. NM_139068.3NP_620707.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_620707.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-a1) uses a different acceptor splice site in the last coding exon compared to transcript variant JNK2-a2, resulting in a frameshift and a shorter isoform (JNK2 alpha1) with a different C-terminus, compared to isoform JNK2 alpha2. The JNK2-a1 variant differs from the JNK2-b1 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 alpha1 isoform is the same length as JNK2 beta1 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment. Variants JNK2-a1 and 7 both encode the same isoform (alpha1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115, DB451562, U34821
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS43409.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D7R526
    Related
    ENSP00000377028.3, ENST00000393360.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  12. NM_139069.3NP_620708.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform beta1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_620708.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-b1) uses a different acceptor splice site in the last coding exon compared to transcript variant JNK2-b2, resulting in a frameshift and a shorter isoform (JNK2 beta1) with a different C-terminus, compared to isoform JNK2 beta2. The JNK2-b1 variant differs from the JNK2-a1 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 beta1 isoform is the same length as JNK2 alpha1 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115, AK289638, DB451562, U35002
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS43410.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D7R527
    Related
    ENSP00000345524.6, ENST00000343111.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
  13. NM_139070.3NP_620709.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform beta2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_620709.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-b2) encodes the longer of the two JNK2 beta isoforms (JNK2 beta2). The JNK2-b2 variant differs from the JNK2-a2 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 beta2 isoform is the same length as JNK2 alpha2 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment. Variants JNK-b2 and 9 both encode the same isoform (beta2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008610, AC104115, AK289638, DB451562
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4454.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B5BUJ7
    Related
    ENSP00000389338.1, ENST00000455781.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07850
    Location:25360
    STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    180233143..180292083 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047417387.1XP_047273343.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1

  2. XM_017009643.2XP_016865132.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D7R525
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:25205
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    180788589..180847539 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054352934.1XP_054208909.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1

  2. XM_054352935.1XP_054208910.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D7R525