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PKN2 protein kinase N2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5586, updated on 23-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PKN2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
protein kinase N2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9406
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000065243 MIM:602549; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9406
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PAK2; PRK2; STK7; Pak-2; PRKCL2; PRO2042
Summary
Enables RNA polymerase binding activity; histone deacetylase binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including apical junction assembly; positive regulation of cell cycle; and positive regulation of viral genome replication. Located in several cellular components, including cleavage furrow; cytoskeleton; and midbody. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in ovary (RPKM 11.1), duodenum (RPKM 10.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
1p22.2
Exon count:
24
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (88684273..88836255)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (88527688..88679643)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (89149956..89301938)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene PKN2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 10 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378838 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5313 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1290 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1291 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904213 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:89239743-89240942 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 874 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904214 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:89267398-89268597 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 125, pseudogene Neighboring gene elongin C pseudogene 19 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1293 Neighboring gene general transcription factor IIB Neighboring gene shieldin complex subunit 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene kynurenine aminotransferase 3

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm. Liu Z, et al. Front Immunol, 2021. PMID 34759927, Free PMC Article
  2. PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway. Cheng Y, et al. Mol Cancer, 2018 Jan 24. PMID 29368606, Free PMC Article
  3. CagA of Helicobacter pylori interacts with and inhibits the serine-threonine kinase PRK2. Mishra JP, et al. Cell Microbiol, 2015 Nov. PMID 26041307, Free PMC Article
  4. Regulation of protein kinase C-related protein kinase 2 (PRK2) by an intermolecular PRK2-PRK2 interaction mediated by Its N-terminal domain. Bauer AF, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Jun 8. PMID 22511787, Free PMC Article
  5. Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance. Fang C, et al. Circ Genom Precis Med, 2022 Oct. PMID 35895078

See all (122) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion.
    Title: Increased PKN2 and M2-Polarized Macrophages Promote HCT116 Cell Invasion.
  2. Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance.
    Title: Genome-Wide Association Study for Idiopathic Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Identifies Key Role of CCR7 and PKN2 in Calcium Homeostasis and Cardiac Rhythm Maintenance.
  3. LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis.
    Title: LINC00668 cooperated with HuR dependent upregulation of PKN2 to facilitate gastric cancer metastasis.
  4. Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm.
    Title: Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm.
  5. Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation.
    Title: Protein kinase N2 mediates flow-induced endothelial NOS activation and vascular tone regulation.
  6. Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology.
    Title: Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology.
  7. The expression of PKN2 in colon cancer cells suppresses tumor associated M2 macrophage polarization and tumor growth.
    Title: PKN2 in colon cancer cells inhibits M2 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via regulating DUSP6-Erk1/2 pathway.
  8. Steady-state kinetic analysis revealed that PKN1-3 follows a sequential ordered Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism, where peptide substrate binding is preceded by ATP binding. This kinetic mechanism was confirmed by additional kinetic studies for product inhibition and affinity of small molecule inhibitors.
    Title: Enzyme kinetics and distinct modulation of the protein kinase N family of kinases by lipid activators and small molecule inhibitors.
  9. PKN2 knockdown in vitro decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, incorporation into glycogen, and oxidation. Thus, PKN2 alters key signaling pathways and transcriptional networks to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
    Title: Protein kinase N2 regulates AMP kinase signaling and insulin responsiveness of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.
  10. Helicobacter pylori CagA interacts with PRK2 and inhibits its kinase activity.
    Title: CagA of Helicobacter pylori interacts with and inhibits the serine-threonine kinase PRK2.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Common genetic variation at the IL1RL1 locus regulates IL-33/ST2 signaling.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of protein kinase N2 (PKN2) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Pr55(Gag) gag The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with PKN2 PubMed
Vpu vpu In vitro protein-protein interaction analysis identifies a Vpu-binding host protein protein kinase N2 (PKN2) PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC71074, MGC150606

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables RNA polymerase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables cadherin binding HDA PubMed 
enables diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables histone deacetylase binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables small GTPase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in apical junction assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell adhesion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell cycle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell projection organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in epithelial cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cytokinesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of viral genome replication IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein phosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of cell motility IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in signal transduction TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in apical junction complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in centrosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cleavage furrow IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in intermediate filament cytoskeleton IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in lamellipodium IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in midbody IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nuclear body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
part_of protein-containing complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
serine/threonine-protein kinase N2
Names
PKN gamma
cardiolipin-activated protein kinase Pak2
protein kinase C-like 2
protein-kinase C-related kinase 2
NP_001307636.1
NP_001307637.1
NP_001307638.1
NP_006247.1
XP_011540074.1
XP_016857271.1
XP_047281180.1
XP_054193636.1
XP_054193637.1
XP_054193638.1
XP_054193639.1
XP_054193640.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001320707.2 → NP_001307636.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC119426, AK300304, AL136381, BC125199
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS81350.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16513
    Related
    ENSP00000359544.5, ENST00000370513.9
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    cd11622
    Location:42 → 107
    HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N
    cd11635
    Location:209 → 282
    HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
    smart00220
    Location:614 → 868
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd05589
    Location:609 → 934
    STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
    cl00087
    Location:130 → 201
    HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases
    cl14603
    Location:390 → 472
    C2; C2 domain

  2. NM_001320708.2 → NP_001307637.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3 which has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC119426, AK298595, AL136381, BC125199
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16513
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    cd08687
    Location:233 → 316
    C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
    cd11635
    Location:52 → 125
    HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
    smart00220
    Location:505 → 759
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd05589
    Location:500 → 825
    STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
    cl00087
    Location:1 → 44
    HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

  3. NM_001320709.2 → NP_001307638.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 4

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 4), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC119426, AK298595, AK300304, AL136381
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16513
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    cd08687
    Location:364 → 457
    C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
    cd11622
    Location:42 → 107
    HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N
    cd11635
    Location:209 → 282
    HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
    smart00220
    Location:646 → 900
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd05589
    Location:641 → 966
    STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
    cl00087
    Location:130 → 201
    HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

  4. NM_006256.4 → NP_006247.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006247.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC119426, AL136381, U33052
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS714.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DQ21, B4DTP5, B4DVG1, D3DT24, Q08AF4, Q16513, Q9H1W4
    Related
    ENSP00000359552.3, ENST00000370521.8
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    cd08687
    Location:390 → 473
    C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
    cd11622
    Location:42 → 107
    HR1_PKN_1; First Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N
    cd11635
    Location:209 → 282
    HR1_PKN2_3; Third Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) Rho-binding domain of Protein Kinase N2
    cd05589
    Location:657 → 982
    STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N
    cl00087
    Location:130 → 201
    HR1; Protein kinase C-related kinase homology region 1 (HR1) domain that binds Rho family small GTPases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    88684273..88836255
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047425224.1 → XP_047281180.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1

  2. XM_017001782.3 → XP_016857271.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X2

  3. XM_011541772.3 → XP_011540074.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X3

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16513
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd08687
    Location:64 → 147
    C2_PKN-like; C2 domain in Protein kinase C-like (PKN) proteins
    smart00220
    Location:336 → 590
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd05589
    Location:331 → 656
    STKc_PKN; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Protein Kinase N

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    88527688..88679643
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054337662.1 → XP_054193637.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1

  2. XM_054337664.1 → XP_054193639.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X2

  3. XM_054337663.1 → XP_054193638.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X4

  4. XM_054337661.1 → XP_054193636.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X1

  5. XM_054337665.1 → XP_054193640.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 isoform X3

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q16513.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q16513

Gene LinkOut

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